Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Mitesh Patel
The discovery of cortical neurons responsive to both the observation of another individual’s movement and one’s own physical movement has spurred scientists into utilising this interplay for rehabilitation. The idea that humans can quickly transfer motor programmes or refine existing motor strategies through observation has only recently gained interest in the context of gait rehabilitation but may offer significant promise as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training. This review is the first dedicated to action observation in postural control or gait in healthy individuals and patients. The traditional use of action observation in rehabilitation is that the observer has to carefully watch pre-recorded or physically performed actions and thereafter imitate them. Using this approach, previous studies have shown improved gait after action observation in stroke, Parkinson’s disease and knee or hip replacement patients. In healthy subjects, action observation reduced postural sway from externally induced balance perturbations. Despite this initial evidence, future studies should establish whether patients are instructed to observe the same movement to be trained (i.e., replicate the observed action(s)) or observe a motor error in order to produce postural countermeasures. The best mode of motor transfer from action observation is yet to be fully explored, and may involve observing live motor acts rather than viewing video clips. Given the ease with which action observation training can be applied in the home, it offers a promising, safe and economical approach as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training.
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Δευτέρα 31 Ιουλίου 2017
The effects of ankle braces and taping on lower extremity running kinematics and energy expenditure in healthy, non-injured adults
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kaori Tamura, Kara N. Radzak, Rachele E. Vogelpohl, Bethany A. Wisthoff, Yukiya Oba, Ronald K. Hetzler, Christopher D. Stickley
Ankle braces and taping are commonly used to prevent ankle sprains and allow return to play following injury, however, it is unclear how passive restriction of joint motion may effect running gait kinematics and energy expenditure during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of ankle supports on lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure during continuous running. Thirteen healthy physically active adults ran at self-selected speed on the treadmill for 30min in four different ankle support conditions: semi-rigid hinged brace, lace-up brace, tape and control. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure were recorded every five minutes. The semi-rigid hinged brace was most effective in restricting frontal plane ankle motion. The lace-up brace and tape restricted sagittal plane ankle motion, while semi-rigid hinged bracing allowed for normal sagittal plane ankle kinematics. Kinematic changes from all three ankle supports were generally persistent through 25–30min of exercise. Only tape influenced knee kinematics, limiting flexion velocity and flexion-extension excursion. Small but significant increased in energy expenditure was found in tape and semi-rigid hinged brace conditions; however, the increases were not to any practically significant level (<0.5kcal/min).
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kaori Tamura, Kara N. Radzak, Rachele E. Vogelpohl, Bethany A. Wisthoff, Yukiya Oba, Ronald K. Hetzler, Christopher D. Stickley
Ankle braces and taping are commonly used to prevent ankle sprains and allow return to play following injury, however, it is unclear how passive restriction of joint motion may effect running gait kinematics and energy expenditure during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of ankle supports on lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure during continuous running. Thirteen healthy physically active adults ran at self-selected speed on the treadmill for 30min in four different ankle support conditions: semi-rigid hinged brace, lace-up brace, tape and control. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure were recorded every five minutes. The semi-rigid hinged brace was most effective in restricting frontal plane ankle motion. The lace-up brace and tape restricted sagittal plane ankle motion, while semi-rigid hinged bracing allowed for normal sagittal plane ankle kinematics. Kinematic changes from all three ankle supports were generally persistent through 25–30min of exercise. Only tape influenced knee kinematics, limiting flexion velocity and flexion-extension excursion. Small but significant increased in energy expenditure was found in tape and semi-rigid hinged brace conditions; however, the increases were not to any practically significant level (<0.5kcal/min).
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Effects of interventions on normalizing step width during self-paced dual-belt treadmill walking with virtual reality, a randomised controlled trial
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): I.L.B. Oude Lansink, L. van Kouwenhove, P.U. Dijkstra, K. Postema, J.M. Hijmans
BackgroundStep width is increased during dual-belt treadmill walking, in self-paced mode with virtual reality. Generally a familiarization period is thought to be necessary to normalize step width.AimThe aim of this randomised study was to analyze the effects of two interventions on step width, to reduce the familiarization period.MethodsWe used the GRAIL (Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab), a dual-belt treadmill with virtual reality in the self-paced mode. Thirty healthy young adults were randomly allocated to three groups and asked to walk at their preferred speed for 5min. In the first session, the control-group received no intervention, the ‘walk-on-the-line’-group was instructed to walk on a line, projected on the between-belt gap of the treadmill and the feedback-group received feedback about their current step width and were asked to reduce it. Interventions started after 1min and lasted 1min. During the second session, 7–10days later, no interventions were given.FindingsLinear mixed modeling showed that interventions did not have an effect on step width after the intervention period in session 1. Initial step width (second 30s) of session 1 was larger than initial step width of session 2. Step width normalized after 2min and variation in step width stabilized after 1min.InterpretationInterventions do not reduce step width after intervention period. A 2-min familiarization period is sufficient to normalize and stabilize step width, in healthy young adults, regardless of interventions. A standardized intervention to normalize step width is not necessary.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): I.L.B. Oude Lansink, L. van Kouwenhove, P.U. Dijkstra, K. Postema, J.M. Hijmans
BackgroundStep width is increased during dual-belt treadmill walking, in self-paced mode with virtual reality. Generally a familiarization period is thought to be necessary to normalize step width.AimThe aim of this randomised study was to analyze the effects of two interventions on step width, to reduce the familiarization period.MethodsWe used the GRAIL (Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab), a dual-belt treadmill with virtual reality in the self-paced mode. Thirty healthy young adults were randomly allocated to three groups and asked to walk at their preferred speed for 5min. In the first session, the control-group received no intervention, the ‘walk-on-the-line’-group was instructed to walk on a line, projected on the between-belt gap of the treadmill and the feedback-group received feedback about their current step width and were asked to reduce it. Interventions started after 1min and lasted 1min. During the second session, 7–10days later, no interventions were given.FindingsLinear mixed modeling showed that interventions did not have an effect on step width after the intervention period in session 1. Initial step width (second 30s) of session 1 was larger than initial step width of session 2. Step width normalized after 2min and variation in step width stabilized after 1min.InterpretationInterventions do not reduce step width after intervention period. A 2-min familiarization period is sufficient to normalize and stabilize step width, in healthy young adults, regardless of interventions. A standardized intervention to normalize step width is not necessary.
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Effect of hearing aids on static balance function in elderly with hearing loss
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Hossein Negahban, Mahtab Bavarsad Cheshmeh ali, Gholamhossein Nassadj
While a few studies have investigated the relationship between hearing acuity and postural control, little is known about the effect of hearing aids on postural stability in elderly with hearing loss. The aim was to compare static balance function between elderly with hearing loss who used hearing aids and those who did not use. The subjects asked to stand with (A) open eyes on rigid surface (force platform), (B) closed eyes on rigid surface, (C) open eyes on a foam pad, and (D) closed eyes on a foam pad. Subjects in the aided group (n=22) were tested with their hearing aids turned on and hearing aids turned off in each experimental condition. Subjects in the unaided group (n=25) were tested under the same experimental conditions as the aided group. Indicators for postural stability were center of pressure (COP) parameters including; mean velocity, standard deviation (SD) velocity in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, and sway area (95% confidence ellipse). The results showed that within open eyes–foam surface condition, there was greater SD velocity in the off-aided than the on-aided and the unaided than the on-aided (p<0.0001 for SD velocity in AP and ML). Also, no significant differences were found between the off-aided and unaided group (p=0.56 and p=0.77 for SD velocity in AP and ML, respectively). Hearing aids improve static balance function by reducing the SD velocity. Clinical implications may include improving hearing inputs in order to increase postural stability in older adults with hearing loss.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Hossein Negahban, Mahtab Bavarsad Cheshmeh ali, Gholamhossein Nassadj
While a few studies have investigated the relationship between hearing acuity and postural control, little is known about the effect of hearing aids on postural stability in elderly with hearing loss. The aim was to compare static balance function between elderly with hearing loss who used hearing aids and those who did not use. The subjects asked to stand with (A) open eyes on rigid surface (force platform), (B) closed eyes on rigid surface, (C) open eyes on a foam pad, and (D) closed eyes on a foam pad. Subjects in the aided group (n=22) were tested with their hearing aids turned on and hearing aids turned off in each experimental condition. Subjects in the unaided group (n=25) were tested under the same experimental conditions as the aided group. Indicators for postural stability were center of pressure (COP) parameters including; mean velocity, standard deviation (SD) velocity in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, and sway area (95% confidence ellipse). The results showed that within open eyes–foam surface condition, there was greater SD velocity in the off-aided than the on-aided and the unaided than the on-aided (p<0.0001 for SD velocity in AP and ML). Also, no significant differences were found between the off-aided and unaided group (p=0.56 and p=0.77 for SD velocity in AP and ML, respectively). Hearing aids improve static balance function by reducing the SD velocity. Clinical implications may include improving hearing inputs in order to increase postural stability in older adults with hearing loss.
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Action observation in the modification of postural sway and gait: Theory and use in rehabilitation
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Mitesh Patel
The discovery of cortical neurons responsive to both the observation of another individual’s movement and one’s own physical movement has spurred scientists into utilising this interplay for rehabilitation. The idea that humans can quickly transfer motor programmes or refine existing motor strategies through observation has only recently gained interest in the context of gait rehabilitation but may offer significant promise as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training. This review is the first dedicated to action observation in postural control or gait in healthy individuals and patients. The traditional use of action observation in rehabilitation is that the observer has to carefully watch pre-recorded or physically performed actions and thereafter imitate them. Using this approach, previous studies have shown improved gait after action observation in stroke, Parkinson’s disease and knee or hip replacement patients. In healthy subjects, action observation reduced postural sway from externally induced balance perturbations. Despite this initial evidence, future studies should establish whether patients are instructed to observe the same movement to be trained (i.e., replicate the observed action(s)) or observe a motor error in order to produce postural countermeasures. The best mode of motor transfer from action observation is yet to be fully explored, and may involve observing live motor acts rather than viewing video clips. Given the ease with which action observation training can be applied in the home, it offers a promising, safe and economical approach as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Mitesh Patel
The discovery of cortical neurons responsive to both the observation of another individual’s movement and one’s own physical movement has spurred scientists into utilising this interplay for rehabilitation. The idea that humans can quickly transfer motor programmes or refine existing motor strategies through observation has only recently gained interest in the context of gait rehabilitation but may offer significant promise as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training. This review is the first dedicated to action observation in postural control or gait in healthy individuals and patients. The traditional use of action observation in rehabilitation is that the observer has to carefully watch pre-recorded or physically performed actions and thereafter imitate them. Using this approach, previous studies have shown improved gait after action observation in stroke, Parkinson’s disease and knee or hip replacement patients. In healthy subjects, action observation reduced postural sway from externally induced balance perturbations. Despite this initial evidence, future studies should establish whether patients are instructed to observe the same movement to be trained (i.e., replicate the observed action(s)) or observe a motor error in order to produce postural countermeasures. The best mode of motor transfer from action observation is yet to be fully explored, and may involve observing live motor acts rather than viewing video clips. Given the ease with which action observation training can be applied in the home, it offers a promising, safe and economical approach as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training.
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The effects of ankle braces and taping on lower extremity running kinematics and energy expenditure in healthy, non-injured adults
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kaori Tamura, Kara N. Radzak, Rachele E. Vogelpohl, Bethany A. Wisthoff, Yukiya Oba, Ronald K. Hetzler, Christopher D. Stickley
Ankle braces and taping are commonly used to prevent ankle sprains and allow return to play following injury, however, it is unclear how passive restriction of joint motion may effect running gait kinematics and energy expenditure during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of ankle supports on lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure during continuous running. Thirteen healthy physically active adults ran at self-selected speed on the treadmill for 30min in four different ankle support conditions: semi-rigid hinged brace, lace-up brace, tape and control. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure were recorded every five minutes. The semi-rigid hinged brace was most effective in restricting frontal plane ankle motion. The lace-up brace and tape restricted sagittal plane ankle motion, while semi-rigid hinged bracing allowed for normal sagittal plane ankle kinematics. Kinematic changes from all three ankle supports were generally persistent through 25–30min of exercise. Only tape influenced knee kinematics, limiting flexion velocity and flexion-extension excursion. Small but significant increased in energy expenditure was found in tape and semi-rigid hinged brace conditions; however, the increases were not to any practically significant level (<0.5kcal/min).
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kaori Tamura, Kara N. Radzak, Rachele E. Vogelpohl, Bethany A. Wisthoff, Yukiya Oba, Ronald K. Hetzler, Christopher D. Stickley
Ankle braces and taping are commonly used to prevent ankle sprains and allow return to play following injury, however, it is unclear how passive restriction of joint motion may effect running gait kinematics and energy expenditure during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of ankle supports on lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure during continuous running. Thirteen healthy physically active adults ran at self-selected speed on the treadmill for 30min in four different ankle support conditions: semi-rigid hinged brace, lace-up brace, tape and control. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure were recorded every five minutes. The semi-rigid hinged brace was most effective in restricting frontal plane ankle motion. The lace-up brace and tape restricted sagittal plane ankle motion, while semi-rigid hinged bracing allowed for normal sagittal plane ankle kinematics. Kinematic changes from all three ankle supports were generally persistent through 25–30min of exercise. Only tape influenced knee kinematics, limiting flexion velocity and flexion-extension excursion. Small but significant increased in energy expenditure was found in tape and semi-rigid hinged brace conditions; however, the increases were not to any practically significant level (<0.5kcal/min).
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Effects of interventions on normalizing step width during self-paced dual-belt treadmill walking with virtual reality, a randomised controlled trial
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): I.L.B. Oude Lansink, L. van Kouwenhove, P.U. Dijkstra, K. Postema, J.M. Hijmans
BackgroundStep width is increased during dual-belt treadmill walking, in self-paced mode with virtual reality. Generally a familiarization period is thought to be necessary to normalize step width.AimThe aim of this randomised study was to analyze the effects of two interventions on step width, to reduce the familiarization period.MethodsWe used the GRAIL (Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab), a dual-belt treadmill with virtual reality in the self-paced mode. Thirty healthy young adults were randomly allocated to three groups and asked to walk at their preferred speed for 5min. In the first session, the control-group received no intervention, the ‘walk-on-the-line’-group was instructed to walk on a line, projected on the between-belt gap of the treadmill and the feedback-group received feedback about their current step width and were asked to reduce it. Interventions started after 1min and lasted 1min. During the second session, 7–10days later, no interventions were given.FindingsLinear mixed modeling showed that interventions did not have an effect on step width after the intervention period in session 1. Initial step width (second 30s) of session 1 was larger than initial step width of session 2. Step width normalized after 2min and variation in step width stabilized after 1min.InterpretationInterventions do not reduce step width after intervention period. A 2-min familiarization period is sufficient to normalize and stabilize step width, in healthy young adults, regardless of interventions. A standardized intervention to normalize step width is not necessary.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): I.L.B. Oude Lansink, L. van Kouwenhove, P.U. Dijkstra, K. Postema, J.M. Hijmans
BackgroundStep width is increased during dual-belt treadmill walking, in self-paced mode with virtual reality. Generally a familiarization period is thought to be necessary to normalize step width.AimThe aim of this randomised study was to analyze the effects of two interventions on step width, to reduce the familiarization period.MethodsWe used the GRAIL (Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab), a dual-belt treadmill with virtual reality in the self-paced mode. Thirty healthy young adults were randomly allocated to three groups and asked to walk at their preferred speed for 5min. In the first session, the control-group received no intervention, the ‘walk-on-the-line’-group was instructed to walk on a line, projected on the between-belt gap of the treadmill and the feedback-group received feedback about their current step width and were asked to reduce it. Interventions started after 1min and lasted 1min. During the second session, 7–10days later, no interventions were given.FindingsLinear mixed modeling showed that interventions did not have an effect on step width after the intervention period in session 1. Initial step width (second 30s) of session 1 was larger than initial step width of session 2. Step width normalized after 2min and variation in step width stabilized after 1min.InterpretationInterventions do not reduce step width after intervention period. A 2-min familiarization period is sufficient to normalize and stabilize step width, in healthy young adults, regardless of interventions. A standardized intervention to normalize step width is not necessary.
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Effect of hearing aids on static balance function in elderly with hearing loss
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Hossein Negahban, Mahtab Bavarsad Cheshmeh ali, Gholamhossein Nassadj
While a few studies have investigated the relationship between hearing acuity and postural control, little is known about the effect of hearing aids on postural stability in elderly with hearing loss. The aim was to compare static balance function between elderly with hearing loss who used hearing aids and those who did not use. The subjects asked to stand with (A) open eyes on rigid surface (force platform), (B) closed eyes on rigid surface, (C) open eyes on a foam pad, and (D) closed eyes on a foam pad. Subjects in the aided group (n=22) were tested with their hearing aids turned on and hearing aids turned off in each experimental condition. Subjects in the unaided group (n=25) were tested under the same experimental conditions as the aided group. Indicators for postural stability were center of pressure (COP) parameters including; mean velocity, standard deviation (SD) velocity in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, and sway area (95% confidence ellipse). The results showed that within open eyes–foam surface condition, there was greater SD velocity in the off-aided than the on-aided and the unaided than the on-aided (p<0.0001 for SD velocity in AP and ML). Also, no significant differences were found between the off-aided and unaided group (p=0.56 and p=0.77 for SD velocity in AP and ML, respectively). Hearing aids improve static balance function by reducing the SD velocity. Clinical implications may include improving hearing inputs in order to increase postural stability in older adults with hearing loss.
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via IFTTT
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Hossein Negahban, Mahtab Bavarsad Cheshmeh ali, Gholamhossein Nassadj
While a few studies have investigated the relationship between hearing acuity and postural control, little is known about the effect of hearing aids on postural stability in elderly with hearing loss. The aim was to compare static balance function between elderly with hearing loss who used hearing aids and those who did not use. The subjects asked to stand with (A) open eyes on rigid surface (force platform), (B) closed eyes on rigid surface, (C) open eyes on a foam pad, and (D) closed eyes on a foam pad. Subjects in the aided group (n=22) were tested with their hearing aids turned on and hearing aids turned off in each experimental condition. Subjects in the unaided group (n=25) were tested under the same experimental conditions as the aided group. Indicators for postural stability were center of pressure (COP) parameters including; mean velocity, standard deviation (SD) velocity in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, and sway area (95% confidence ellipse). The results showed that within open eyes–foam surface condition, there was greater SD velocity in the off-aided than the on-aided and the unaided than the on-aided (p<0.0001 for SD velocity in AP and ML). Also, no significant differences were found between the off-aided and unaided group (p=0.56 and p=0.77 for SD velocity in AP and ML, respectively). Hearing aids improve static balance function by reducing the SD velocity. Clinical implications may include improving hearing inputs in order to increase postural stability in older adults with hearing loss.
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via IFTTT
Action observation in the modification of postural sway and gait: Theory and use in rehabilitation
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Mitesh Patel
The discovery of cortical neurons responsive to both the observation of another individual’s movement and one’s own physical movement has spurred scientists into utilising this interplay for rehabilitation. The idea that humans can quickly transfer motor programmes or refine existing motor strategies through observation has only recently gained interest in the context of gait rehabilitation but may offer significant promise as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training. This review is the first dedicated to action observation in postural control or gait in healthy individuals and patients. The traditional use of action observation in rehabilitation is that the observer has to carefully watch pre-recorded or physically performed actions and thereafter imitate them. Using this approach, previous studies have shown improved gait after action observation in stroke, Parkinson’s disease and knee or hip replacement patients. In healthy subjects, action observation reduced postural sway from externally induced balance perturbations. Despite this initial evidence, future studies should establish whether patients are instructed to observe the same movement to be trained (i.e., replicate the observed action(s)) or observe a motor error in order to produce postural countermeasures. The best mode of motor transfer from action observation is yet to be fully explored, and may involve observing live motor acts rather than viewing video clips. Given the ease with which action observation training can be applied in the home, it offers a promising, safe and economical approach as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Mitesh Patel
The discovery of cortical neurons responsive to both the observation of another individual’s movement and one’s own physical movement has spurred scientists into utilising this interplay for rehabilitation. The idea that humans can quickly transfer motor programmes or refine existing motor strategies through observation has only recently gained interest in the context of gait rehabilitation but may offer significant promise as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training. This review is the first dedicated to action observation in postural control or gait in healthy individuals and patients. The traditional use of action observation in rehabilitation is that the observer has to carefully watch pre-recorded or physically performed actions and thereafter imitate them. Using this approach, previous studies have shown improved gait after action observation in stroke, Parkinson’s disease and knee or hip replacement patients. In healthy subjects, action observation reduced postural sway from externally induced balance perturbations. Despite this initial evidence, future studies should establish whether patients are instructed to observe the same movement to be trained (i.e., replicate the observed action(s)) or observe a motor error in order to produce postural countermeasures. The best mode of motor transfer from action observation is yet to be fully explored, and may involve observing live motor acts rather than viewing video clips. Given the ease with which action observation training can be applied in the home, it offers a promising, safe and economical approach as an adjunctive therapy to routine balance training.
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The effects of ankle braces and taping on lower extremity running kinematics and energy expenditure in healthy, non-injured adults
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kaori Tamura, Kara N. Radzak, Rachele E. Vogelpohl, Bethany A. Wisthoff, Yukiya Oba, Ronald K. Hetzler, Christopher D. Stickley
Ankle braces and taping are commonly used to prevent ankle sprains and allow return to play following injury, however, it is unclear how passive restriction of joint motion may effect running gait kinematics and energy expenditure during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of ankle supports on lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure during continuous running. Thirteen healthy physically active adults ran at self-selected speed on the treadmill for 30min in four different ankle support conditions: semi-rigid hinged brace, lace-up brace, tape and control. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure were recorded every five minutes. The semi-rigid hinged brace was most effective in restricting frontal plane ankle motion. The lace-up brace and tape restricted sagittal plane ankle motion, while semi-rigid hinged bracing allowed for normal sagittal plane ankle kinematics. Kinematic changes from all three ankle supports were generally persistent through 25–30min of exercise. Only tape influenced knee kinematics, limiting flexion velocity and flexion-extension excursion. Small but significant increased in energy expenditure was found in tape and semi-rigid hinged brace conditions; however, the increases were not to any practically significant level (<0.5kcal/min).
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kaori Tamura, Kara N. Radzak, Rachele E. Vogelpohl, Bethany A. Wisthoff, Yukiya Oba, Ronald K. Hetzler, Christopher D. Stickley
Ankle braces and taping are commonly used to prevent ankle sprains and allow return to play following injury, however, it is unclear how passive restriction of joint motion may effect running gait kinematics and energy expenditure during exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different types of ankle supports on lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure during continuous running. Thirteen healthy physically active adults ran at self-selected speed on the treadmill for 30min in four different ankle support conditions: semi-rigid hinged brace, lace-up brace, tape and control. Three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics and energy expenditure were recorded every five minutes. The semi-rigid hinged brace was most effective in restricting frontal plane ankle motion. The lace-up brace and tape restricted sagittal plane ankle motion, while semi-rigid hinged bracing allowed for normal sagittal plane ankle kinematics. Kinematic changes from all three ankle supports were generally persistent through 25–30min of exercise. Only tape influenced knee kinematics, limiting flexion velocity and flexion-extension excursion. Small but significant increased in energy expenditure was found in tape and semi-rigid hinged brace conditions; however, the increases were not to any practically significant level (<0.5kcal/min).
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Effects of interventions on normalizing step width during self-paced dual-belt treadmill walking with virtual reality, a randomised controlled trial
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): I.L.B. Oude Lansink, L. van Kouwenhove, P.U. Dijkstra, K. Postema, J.M. Hijmans
BackgroundStep width is increased during dual-belt treadmill walking, in self-paced mode with virtual reality. Generally a familiarization period is thought to be necessary to normalize step width.AimThe aim of this randomised study was to analyze the effects of two interventions on step width, to reduce the familiarization period.MethodsWe used the GRAIL (Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab), a dual-belt treadmill with virtual reality in the self-paced mode. Thirty healthy young adults were randomly allocated to three groups and asked to walk at their preferred speed for 5min. In the first session, the control-group received no intervention, the ‘walk-on-the-line’-group was instructed to walk on a line, projected on the between-belt gap of the treadmill and the feedback-group received feedback about their current step width and were asked to reduce it. Interventions started after 1min and lasted 1min. During the second session, 7–10days later, no interventions were given.FindingsLinear mixed modeling showed that interventions did not have an effect on step width after the intervention period in session 1. Initial step width (second 30s) of session 1 was larger than initial step width of session 2. Step width normalized after 2min and variation in step width stabilized after 1min.InterpretationInterventions do not reduce step width after intervention period. A 2-min familiarization period is sufficient to normalize and stabilize step width, in healthy young adults, regardless of interventions. A standardized intervention to normalize step width is not necessary.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): I.L.B. Oude Lansink, L. van Kouwenhove, P.U. Dijkstra, K. Postema, J.M. Hijmans
BackgroundStep width is increased during dual-belt treadmill walking, in self-paced mode with virtual reality. Generally a familiarization period is thought to be necessary to normalize step width.AimThe aim of this randomised study was to analyze the effects of two interventions on step width, to reduce the familiarization period.MethodsWe used the GRAIL (Gait Real-time Analysis Interactive Lab), a dual-belt treadmill with virtual reality in the self-paced mode. Thirty healthy young adults were randomly allocated to three groups and asked to walk at their preferred speed for 5min. In the first session, the control-group received no intervention, the ‘walk-on-the-line’-group was instructed to walk on a line, projected on the between-belt gap of the treadmill and the feedback-group received feedback about their current step width and were asked to reduce it. Interventions started after 1min and lasted 1min. During the second session, 7–10days later, no interventions were given.FindingsLinear mixed modeling showed that interventions did not have an effect on step width after the intervention period in session 1. Initial step width (second 30s) of session 1 was larger than initial step width of session 2. Step width normalized after 2min and variation in step width stabilized after 1min.InterpretationInterventions do not reduce step width after intervention period. A 2-min familiarization period is sufficient to normalize and stabilize step width, in healthy young adults, regardless of interventions. A standardized intervention to normalize step width is not necessary.
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Effect of hearing aids on static balance function in elderly with hearing loss
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Hossein Negahban, Mahtab Bavarsad Cheshmeh ali, Gholamhossein Nassadj
While a few studies have investigated the relationship between hearing acuity and postural control, little is known about the effect of hearing aids on postural stability in elderly with hearing loss. The aim was to compare static balance function between elderly with hearing loss who used hearing aids and those who did not use. The subjects asked to stand with (A) open eyes on rigid surface (force platform), (B) closed eyes on rigid surface, (C) open eyes on a foam pad, and (D) closed eyes on a foam pad. Subjects in the aided group (n=22) were tested with their hearing aids turned on and hearing aids turned off in each experimental condition. Subjects in the unaided group (n=25) were tested under the same experimental conditions as the aided group. Indicators for postural stability were center of pressure (COP) parameters including; mean velocity, standard deviation (SD) velocity in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, and sway area (95% confidence ellipse). The results showed that within open eyes–foam surface condition, there was greater SD velocity in the off-aided than the on-aided and the unaided than the on-aided (p<0.0001 for SD velocity in AP and ML). Also, no significant differences were found between the off-aided and unaided group (p=0.56 and p=0.77 for SD velocity in AP and ML, respectively). Hearing aids improve static balance function by reducing the SD velocity. Clinical implications may include improving hearing inputs in order to increase postural stability in older adults with hearing loss.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Hossein Negahban, Mahtab Bavarsad Cheshmeh ali, Gholamhossein Nassadj
While a few studies have investigated the relationship between hearing acuity and postural control, little is known about the effect of hearing aids on postural stability in elderly with hearing loss. The aim was to compare static balance function between elderly with hearing loss who used hearing aids and those who did not use. The subjects asked to stand with (A) open eyes on rigid surface (force platform), (B) closed eyes on rigid surface, (C) open eyes on a foam pad, and (D) closed eyes on a foam pad. Subjects in the aided group (n=22) were tested with their hearing aids turned on and hearing aids turned off in each experimental condition. Subjects in the unaided group (n=25) were tested under the same experimental conditions as the aided group. Indicators for postural stability were center of pressure (COP) parameters including; mean velocity, standard deviation (SD) velocity in anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) directions, and sway area (95% confidence ellipse). The results showed that within open eyes–foam surface condition, there was greater SD velocity in the off-aided than the on-aided and the unaided than the on-aided (p<0.0001 for SD velocity in AP and ML). Also, no significant differences were found between the off-aided and unaided group (p=0.56 and p=0.77 for SD velocity in AP and ML, respectively). Hearing aids improve static balance function by reducing the SD velocity. Clinical implications may include improving hearing inputs in order to increase postural stability in older adults with hearing loss.
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Meditation Tinnitus
Please note: the following information does not constitute professional medical advice, and is provided for general informational purposes only. Please speak to your doctor if you have tinnitus.
Tinnitus is one of the most common medical issues in the world. It is an affliction that leaves some people debilitated while others are barely phased about it. Tinnitus is something that proves the power of mind over matter. If your mind is significantly disciplined, then even a bad case of tinnitus will not cause you to suffer. If you want to know the key to dealing with the problem, it is using meditation tinnitus. Here is a look at the ways you can use meditation tinnitus to deal with the ringing in your ears.
How It Works
When people suffer from tinnitus over a long period of time, the brain usually learns how to adapt to the constant ringing. The brain will develop a natural filter that prevents you from noticing that your ears are ringing. Even though the tinnitus signals are still going to your brain, the brain keeps your conscious mind from noticing the sensation.
Make You Go Mad
Some people’s brains develop this protective mechanism more readily than others. For some unfortunate tinnitus sufferers, their brains never learn how to filter out the noise. With a constant ringing or buzzing in your ears, it is enough to make you go crazy.
People will look for all sorts of ways to drown out the sounds of tinnitus when their brains fail to protect them from the buzzing. They play loud music, constantly have the TV turned on or look for other background noises to drown out the tinnitus.
Try Meditation Tinnitus Instead
Instead of drowning out the sounds of tinnitus, you can simply learn to accept them. Though that may sound impossible, it is entirely achievable with the power of mindfulness meditation. Instead of trying to run away from the sounds, using meditation tinnitus means you actually focus on the sounds. You will listen to them gratefully and appreciate being mindful and in the moment as you accept what is happening.
If you can learn how to do this, then your tinnitus will no longer seem like a problem to you. You will simply look at it is something that is happening without judging it to be good or bad. That is the power of mindfulness meditation. It is not something that happens overnight, but with practice you can learn how to use meditation to handle your tinnitus. Meditation tinnitus is a smart way to face a difficult situation.
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Σάββατο 29 Ιουλίου 2017
Spatiotemporal and plantar pressure patterns of 1000 healthy individuals aged 3–101 years
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Marnee J. McKay, Jennifer N. Baldwin, Paulo Ferreira, Milena Simic, Natalie Vanicek, Elizabeth Wojciechowski, Anita Mudge, Joshua Burns
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish normative reference values for spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and to investigate the influence of demographic, anthropometric and physical characteristics.MethodsIn 1000 healthy males and females aged 3–101 years, spatiotemporal and plantar pressure data were collected barefoot with the Zeno™ walkway and Emed® platform. Correlograms were developed to visualise the relationships between widely reported spatiotemporal and pressure variables with demographic (age, gender), anthropometric (height, mass, waist circumference) and physical characteristics (ankle strength, ankle range of motion, vibration perception) in children aged 3–9 years, adolescents aged 10–19 years, adults aged 20–59 years and older adults aged over 60 years.ResultsA comprehensive catalogue of 31 spatiotemporal and pressure variables were generated from 1000 healthy individuals. The key findings were that gait velocity was stable during adolescence and adulthood, while children and older adults walked at a comparable slower speed. Peak pressures increased during childhood to older adulthood. Children demonstrated highest peak pressures beneath the rearfoot whilst adolescents, adults and older adults demonstrated highest pressures at the forefoot. Main factors influencing spatiotemporal and pressure parameters were: increased age, height, body mass and waist circumference, as well as ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength.ConclusionThis study has established whole of life normative reference values of widely used spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and revealed changes to be expected across the lifespan.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Marnee J. McKay, Jennifer N. Baldwin, Paulo Ferreira, Milena Simic, Natalie Vanicek, Elizabeth Wojciechowski, Anita Mudge, Joshua Burns
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish normative reference values for spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and to investigate the influence of demographic, anthropometric and physical characteristics.MethodsIn 1000 healthy males and females aged 3–101 years, spatiotemporal and plantar pressure data were collected barefoot with the Zeno™ walkway and Emed® platform. Correlograms were developed to visualise the relationships between widely reported spatiotemporal and pressure variables with demographic (age, gender), anthropometric (height, mass, waist circumference) and physical characteristics (ankle strength, ankle range of motion, vibration perception) in children aged 3–9 years, adolescents aged 10–19 years, adults aged 20–59 years and older adults aged over 60 years.ResultsA comprehensive catalogue of 31 spatiotemporal and pressure variables were generated from 1000 healthy individuals. The key findings were that gait velocity was stable during adolescence and adulthood, while children and older adults walked at a comparable slower speed. Peak pressures increased during childhood to older adulthood. Children demonstrated highest peak pressures beneath the rearfoot whilst adolescents, adults and older adults demonstrated highest pressures at the forefoot. Main factors influencing spatiotemporal and pressure parameters were: increased age, height, body mass and waist circumference, as well as ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength.ConclusionThis study has established whole of life normative reference values of widely used spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and revealed changes to be expected across the lifespan.
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Muscle contributions to knee extension in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Shinya Ogaya, Ryo Kubota, Yuta Chujo, Eiko Hirooka, Kim Kwang-ho, Kimitaka Hase
The aim of this study was to analyze individual muscle contributions to knee angular acceleration using a musculoskeletal simulation analysis and evaluate knee extension mechanics in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The subjects comprised 15 patients with medial knee OA and 14 healthy elderly individuals. All participants underwent gait performance test using 8 infrared cameras and two force plates to measure the kinetic and kinematic data. The simulation was driven by 92 Hill-type muscle-tendon units of the lower extremities and a trunk with 23° of freedom. We analyzed each muscle contribution to knee angular acceleration in the 5%–15% and 15%–25% periods of the stance phase (% SP) using an induced acceleration analysis. We compared accelerations by individual muscles between the two groups using an analysis of covariance for controlling gait speed. Patients with knee OA had a significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles and higher knee acceleration by hip adductors than those in controls in 5–15% SP. In addition, knee OA resulted in significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles in 15–25% SP. These results indicate that patients with knee OA have decreased dependency on the vasti muscles to control knee movements during early stance phase. Hip adductor muscles, which mainly control mediolateral motion, partly compensate for the weak knee extension by the vasti muscles in patients with knee OA.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Shinya Ogaya, Ryo Kubota, Yuta Chujo, Eiko Hirooka, Kim Kwang-ho, Kimitaka Hase
The aim of this study was to analyze individual muscle contributions to knee angular acceleration using a musculoskeletal simulation analysis and evaluate knee extension mechanics in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The subjects comprised 15 patients with medial knee OA and 14 healthy elderly individuals. All participants underwent gait performance test using 8 infrared cameras and two force plates to measure the kinetic and kinematic data. The simulation was driven by 92 Hill-type muscle-tendon units of the lower extremities and a trunk with 23° of freedom. We analyzed each muscle contribution to knee angular acceleration in the 5%–15% and 15%–25% periods of the stance phase (% SP) using an induced acceleration analysis. We compared accelerations by individual muscles between the two groups using an analysis of covariance for controlling gait speed. Patients with knee OA had a significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles and higher knee acceleration by hip adductors than those in controls in 5–15% SP. In addition, knee OA resulted in significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles in 15–25% SP. These results indicate that patients with knee OA have decreased dependency on the vasti muscles to control knee movements during early stance phase. Hip adductor muscles, which mainly control mediolateral motion, partly compensate for the weak knee extension by the vasti muscles in patients with knee OA.
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Adding an arch support to a heel lift improves stability and comfort during gait
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Xianyi Zhang, Bo Li, Kun Hu, Qiufeng Wan, Yuhao Ding, Benedicte Vanwanseele
Heel lifts have been widely used as a conservative treatment for some musculoskeletal problems and complaints. However, the heel rise caused by heel lifts may also affect the plantar pressure distribution and stability during walking. This study aimed to test whether adding an arch support to a heel lift would improve its stability and comfort through comparing the center of pressure (COP) during walking and subjective ratings between heel lifts with and without an arch support. Fifteen healthy male participants were asked to walk along an 8m walkway while wearing high-cut footwear with the control heel lifts and the heel lifts with an arch support. A Footscan pressure plate was used to measure the COP during walking. Subjective ratings including medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort were assessed for each participant. The results showed that compared to the control condition, the COP trajectory was medially shifted during stance phase of gait in the arch support condition. The maximum displacements and velocity of medial-lateral COP in the forefoot contact phase were smaller in the arch support condition than in the control condition. Adding an arch support to a heel lift also significantly improved the subjective ratings in terms of the medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort. The findings of this study suggest that adding an arch support to a heel lift could improve its stability and comfort during walking.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Xianyi Zhang, Bo Li, Kun Hu, Qiufeng Wan, Yuhao Ding, Benedicte Vanwanseele
Heel lifts have been widely used as a conservative treatment for some musculoskeletal problems and complaints. However, the heel rise caused by heel lifts may also affect the plantar pressure distribution and stability during walking. This study aimed to test whether adding an arch support to a heel lift would improve its stability and comfort through comparing the center of pressure (COP) during walking and subjective ratings between heel lifts with and without an arch support. Fifteen healthy male participants were asked to walk along an 8m walkway while wearing high-cut footwear with the control heel lifts and the heel lifts with an arch support. A Footscan pressure plate was used to measure the COP during walking. Subjective ratings including medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort were assessed for each participant. The results showed that compared to the control condition, the COP trajectory was medially shifted during stance phase of gait in the arch support condition. The maximum displacements and velocity of medial-lateral COP in the forefoot contact phase were smaller in the arch support condition than in the control condition. Adding an arch support to a heel lift also significantly improved the subjective ratings in terms of the medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort. The findings of this study suggest that adding an arch support to a heel lift could improve its stability and comfort during walking.
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In-situ force plate calibration: 12 years’ experience with an approach for correcting the point of force application
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Renate List, Marina Hitz, Michael Angst, William R. Taylor, Silvio Lorenzetti
Force plates are common assessment tools used in biomechanics to measure ground reaction forces during motion capture or strength exercises. While the accuracy of the resulting kinetic data is critical for accurate gait analysis, factors such as plate mounting are thought to influence the measured point of force application (PFA) of the ground reaction forces. The aim of this study was therefore to present an accurate in-situ PFA calibration method. In addition, the approach was evaluated by examining the required PFA corrections over a period of ten years, which included plate remounting and a change of foundation.The in-situ PFA calibration was performed on six plates by assessing the locations of up to 98 points of force application per plate using an instrumented pole. Application of the in-situ PFA calibration approach reduced the root mean square errors by up to approximately 60% compared to the manufacturers calculation. Correction coefficients were strongly dependent on the individual platform as well as the location of the applied force on the plate. Remounting of the plates altered the plate coefficient corrections considerably, while changes over time were notable but not as extensive. We therefore recommend that plates should be recalibrated after remounting, but also at least every 5 years, in order to ensure the preservation of an accurate PFA.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Renate List, Marina Hitz, Michael Angst, William R. Taylor, Silvio Lorenzetti
Force plates are common assessment tools used in biomechanics to measure ground reaction forces during motion capture or strength exercises. While the accuracy of the resulting kinetic data is critical for accurate gait analysis, factors such as plate mounting are thought to influence the measured point of force application (PFA) of the ground reaction forces. The aim of this study was therefore to present an accurate in-situ PFA calibration method. In addition, the approach was evaluated by examining the required PFA corrections over a period of ten years, which included plate remounting and a change of foundation.The in-situ PFA calibration was performed on six plates by assessing the locations of up to 98 points of force application per plate using an instrumented pole. Application of the in-situ PFA calibration approach reduced the root mean square errors by up to approximately 60% compared to the manufacturers calculation. Correction coefficients were strongly dependent on the individual platform as well as the location of the applied force on the plate. Remounting of the plates altered the plate coefficient corrections considerably, while changes over time were notable but not as extensive. We therefore recommend that plates should be recalibrated after remounting, but also at least every 5 years, in order to ensure the preservation of an accurate PFA.
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Crossover study of amputee stair ascent and descent biomechanics using Genium and C-Leg prostheses with comparison to non-amputee control
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Derek J. Lura, Matthew W. Wernke, Stephanie L. Carey, Jason T. Kahle, Rebecca M. Miro, M. Jason Highsmith
This study was a randomized crossover of stair ambulation of Transfemoral Amputees (TFAs) using the Genium and C-Leg prosthetic knees. TFAs typically have difficulty ascending and descending stairs, limiting community mobility. The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of the Genium and C-Leg prostheses for stair ascent and descent, and their absolute efficacy relative to non-amputees. Twenty TFAs, and five non-amputees participated in the study. TFAs were randomized to begin the study with the Genium or C-Leg prosthesis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection and the study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT01473662). After fitting, accommodation, and training, participants were asked to demonstrate their preferred gait pattern for stair ascent and descent and a step-over-step pattern if able. TFAs then switched prosthetic legs and repeated fitting, accommodation, training, and testing. An eight camera Vicon optical motion analysis system, and two AMTI force plates were used to track and analyze the participants’ gait patterns, knee flexion angles, knee moment normalized by body weight, and swing time. For stair descent, no significant differences were found between prostheses. For stair ascent, Genium use resulted in: increased ability to use a step-over-step gait pattern (p=0.03), increased prosthetic side peak knee flexion (p<0.01), and increased swing duration (p<0.01). Changes in contralateral side outcomes and in knee moment were not significant. Overall the Genium knee decreased deficiency in gait patterns for stair ascent relative to the C-Leg, by enabling gait patterns that more closely resembled non-amputees.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Derek J. Lura, Matthew W. Wernke, Stephanie L. Carey, Jason T. Kahle, Rebecca M. Miro, M. Jason Highsmith
This study was a randomized crossover of stair ambulation of Transfemoral Amputees (TFAs) using the Genium and C-Leg prosthetic knees. TFAs typically have difficulty ascending and descending stairs, limiting community mobility. The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of the Genium and C-Leg prostheses for stair ascent and descent, and their absolute efficacy relative to non-amputees. Twenty TFAs, and five non-amputees participated in the study. TFAs were randomized to begin the study with the Genium or C-Leg prosthesis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection and the study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT01473662). After fitting, accommodation, and training, participants were asked to demonstrate their preferred gait pattern for stair ascent and descent and a step-over-step pattern if able. TFAs then switched prosthetic legs and repeated fitting, accommodation, training, and testing. An eight camera Vicon optical motion analysis system, and two AMTI force plates were used to track and analyze the participants’ gait patterns, knee flexion angles, knee moment normalized by body weight, and swing time. For stair descent, no significant differences were found between prostheses. For stair ascent, Genium use resulted in: increased ability to use a step-over-step gait pattern (p=0.03), increased prosthetic side peak knee flexion (p<0.01), and increased swing duration (p<0.01). Changes in contralateral side outcomes and in knee moment were not significant. Overall the Genium knee decreased deficiency in gait patterns for stair ascent relative to the C-Leg, by enabling gait patterns that more closely resembled non-amputees.
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Spatiotemporal and plantar pressure patterns of 1000 healthy individuals aged 3–101 years
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Marnee J. McKay, Jennifer N. Baldwin, Paulo Ferreira, Milena Simic, Natalie Vanicek, Elizabeth Wojciechowski, Anita Mudge, Joshua Burns
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish normative reference values for spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and to investigate the influence of demographic, anthropometric and physical characteristics.MethodsIn 1000 healthy males and females aged 3–101 years, spatiotemporal and plantar pressure data were collected barefoot with the Zeno™ walkway and Emed® platform. Correlograms were developed to visualise the relationships between widely reported spatiotemporal and pressure variables with demographic (age, gender), anthropometric (height, mass, waist circumference) and physical characteristics (ankle strength, ankle range of motion, vibration perception) in children aged 3–9 years, adolescents aged 10–19 years, adults aged 20–59 years and older adults aged over 60 years.ResultsA comprehensive catalogue of 31 spatiotemporal and pressure variables were generated from 1000 healthy individuals. The key findings were that gait velocity was stable during adolescence and adulthood, while children and older adults walked at a comparable slower speed. Peak pressures increased during childhood to older adulthood. Children demonstrated highest peak pressures beneath the rearfoot whilst adolescents, adults and older adults demonstrated highest pressures at the forefoot. Main factors influencing spatiotemporal and pressure parameters were: increased age, height, body mass and waist circumference, as well as ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength.ConclusionThis study has established whole of life normative reference values of widely used spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and revealed changes to be expected across the lifespan.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Marnee J. McKay, Jennifer N. Baldwin, Paulo Ferreira, Milena Simic, Natalie Vanicek, Elizabeth Wojciechowski, Anita Mudge, Joshua Burns
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish normative reference values for spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and to investigate the influence of demographic, anthropometric and physical characteristics.MethodsIn 1000 healthy males and females aged 3–101 years, spatiotemporal and plantar pressure data were collected barefoot with the Zeno™ walkway and Emed® platform. Correlograms were developed to visualise the relationships between widely reported spatiotemporal and pressure variables with demographic (age, gender), anthropometric (height, mass, waist circumference) and physical characteristics (ankle strength, ankle range of motion, vibration perception) in children aged 3–9 years, adolescents aged 10–19 years, adults aged 20–59 years and older adults aged over 60 years.ResultsA comprehensive catalogue of 31 spatiotemporal and pressure variables were generated from 1000 healthy individuals. The key findings were that gait velocity was stable during adolescence and adulthood, while children and older adults walked at a comparable slower speed. Peak pressures increased during childhood to older adulthood. Children demonstrated highest peak pressures beneath the rearfoot whilst adolescents, adults and older adults demonstrated highest pressures at the forefoot. Main factors influencing spatiotemporal and pressure parameters were: increased age, height, body mass and waist circumference, as well as ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength.ConclusionThis study has established whole of life normative reference values of widely used spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and revealed changes to be expected across the lifespan.
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Muscle contributions to knee extension in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Shinya Ogaya, Ryo Kubota, Yuta Chujo, Eiko Hirooka, Kim Kwang-ho, Kimitaka Hase
The aim of this study was to analyze individual muscle contributions to knee angular acceleration using a musculoskeletal simulation analysis and evaluate knee extension mechanics in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The subjects comprised 15 patients with medial knee OA and 14 healthy elderly individuals. All participants underwent gait performance test using 8 infrared cameras and two force plates to measure the kinetic and kinematic data. The simulation was driven by 92 Hill-type muscle-tendon units of the lower extremities and a trunk with 23° of freedom. We analyzed each muscle contribution to knee angular acceleration in the 5%–15% and 15%–25% periods of the stance phase (% SP) using an induced acceleration analysis. We compared accelerations by individual muscles between the two groups using an analysis of covariance for controlling gait speed. Patients with knee OA had a significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles and higher knee acceleration by hip adductors than those in controls in 5–15% SP. In addition, knee OA resulted in significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles in 15–25% SP. These results indicate that patients with knee OA have decreased dependency on the vasti muscles to control knee movements during early stance phase. Hip adductor muscles, which mainly control mediolateral motion, partly compensate for the weak knee extension by the vasti muscles in patients with knee OA.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Shinya Ogaya, Ryo Kubota, Yuta Chujo, Eiko Hirooka, Kim Kwang-ho, Kimitaka Hase
The aim of this study was to analyze individual muscle contributions to knee angular acceleration using a musculoskeletal simulation analysis and evaluate knee extension mechanics in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The subjects comprised 15 patients with medial knee OA and 14 healthy elderly individuals. All participants underwent gait performance test using 8 infrared cameras and two force plates to measure the kinetic and kinematic data. The simulation was driven by 92 Hill-type muscle-tendon units of the lower extremities and a trunk with 23° of freedom. We analyzed each muscle contribution to knee angular acceleration in the 5%–15% and 15%–25% periods of the stance phase (% SP) using an induced acceleration analysis. We compared accelerations by individual muscles between the two groups using an analysis of covariance for controlling gait speed. Patients with knee OA had a significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles and higher knee acceleration by hip adductors than those in controls in 5–15% SP. In addition, knee OA resulted in significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles in 15–25% SP. These results indicate that patients with knee OA have decreased dependency on the vasti muscles to control knee movements during early stance phase. Hip adductor muscles, which mainly control mediolateral motion, partly compensate for the weak knee extension by the vasti muscles in patients with knee OA.
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Adding an arch support to a heel lift improves stability and comfort during gait
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Xianyi Zhang, Bo Li, Kun Hu, Qiufeng Wan, Yuhao Ding, Benedicte Vanwanseele
Heel lifts have been widely used as a conservative treatment for some musculoskeletal problems and complaints. However, the heel rise caused by heel lifts may also affect the plantar pressure distribution and stability during walking. This study aimed to test whether adding an arch support to a heel lift would improve its stability and comfort through comparing the center of pressure (COP) during walking and subjective ratings between heel lifts with and without an arch support. Fifteen healthy male participants were asked to walk along an 8m walkway while wearing high-cut footwear with the control heel lifts and the heel lifts with an arch support. A Footscan pressure plate was used to measure the COP during walking. Subjective ratings including medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort were assessed for each participant. The results showed that compared to the control condition, the COP trajectory was medially shifted during stance phase of gait in the arch support condition. The maximum displacements and velocity of medial-lateral COP in the forefoot contact phase were smaller in the arch support condition than in the control condition. Adding an arch support to a heel lift also significantly improved the subjective ratings in terms of the medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort. The findings of this study suggest that adding an arch support to a heel lift could improve its stability and comfort during walking.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Xianyi Zhang, Bo Li, Kun Hu, Qiufeng Wan, Yuhao Ding, Benedicte Vanwanseele
Heel lifts have been widely used as a conservative treatment for some musculoskeletal problems and complaints. However, the heel rise caused by heel lifts may also affect the plantar pressure distribution and stability during walking. This study aimed to test whether adding an arch support to a heel lift would improve its stability and comfort through comparing the center of pressure (COP) during walking and subjective ratings between heel lifts with and without an arch support. Fifteen healthy male participants were asked to walk along an 8m walkway while wearing high-cut footwear with the control heel lifts and the heel lifts with an arch support. A Footscan pressure plate was used to measure the COP during walking. Subjective ratings including medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort were assessed for each participant. The results showed that compared to the control condition, the COP trajectory was medially shifted during stance phase of gait in the arch support condition. The maximum displacements and velocity of medial-lateral COP in the forefoot contact phase were smaller in the arch support condition than in the control condition. Adding an arch support to a heel lift also significantly improved the subjective ratings in terms of the medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort. The findings of this study suggest that adding an arch support to a heel lift could improve its stability and comfort during walking.
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In-situ force plate calibration: 12 years’ experience with an approach for correcting the point of force application
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Renate List, Marina Hitz, Michael Angst, William R. Taylor, Silvio Lorenzetti
Force plates are common assessment tools used in biomechanics to measure ground reaction forces during motion capture or strength exercises. While the accuracy of the resulting kinetic data is critical for accurate gait analysis, factors such as plate mounting are thought to influence the measured point of force application (PFA) of the ground reaction forces. The aim of this study was therefore to present an accurate in-situ PFA calibration method. In addition, the approach was evaluated by examining the required PFA corrections over a period of ten years, which included plate remounting and a change of foundation.The in-situ PFA calibration was performed on six plates by assessing the locations of up to 98 points of force application per plate using an instrumented pole. Application of the in-situ PFA calibration approach reduced the root mean square errors by up to approximately 60% compared to the manufacturers calculation. Correction coefficients were strongly dependent on the individual platform as well as the location of the applied force on the plate. Remounting of the plates altered the plate coefficient corrections considerably, while changes over time were notable but not as extensive. We therefore recommend that plates should be recalibrated after remounting, but also at least every 5 years, in order to ensure the preservation of an accurate PFA.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Renate List, Marina Hitz, Michael Angst, William R. Taylor, Silvio Lorenzetti
Force plates are common assessment tools used in biomechanics to measure ground reaction forces during motion capture or strength exercises. While the accuracy of the resulting kinetic data is critical for accurate gait analysis, factors such as plate mounting are thought to influence the measured point of force application (PFA) of the ground reaction forces. The aim of this study was therefore to present an accurate in-situ PFA calibration method. In addition, the approach was evaluated by examining the required PFA corrections over a period of ten years, which included plate remounting and a change of foundation.The in-situ PFA calibration was performed on six plates by assessing the locations of up to 98 points of force application per plate using an instrumented pole. Application of the in-situ PFA calibration approach reduced the root mean square errors by up to approximately 60% compared to the manufacturers calculation. Correction coefficients were strongly dependent on the individual platform as well as the location of the applied force on the plate. Remounting of the plates altered the plate coefficient corrections considerably, while changes over time were notable but not as extensive. We therefore recommend that plates should be recalibrated after remounting, but also at least every 5 years, in order to ensure the preservation of an accurate PFA.
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Crossover study of amputee stair ascent and descent biomechanics using Genium and C-Leg prostheses with comparison to non-amputee control
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Derek J. Lura, Matthew W. Wernke, Stephanie L. Carey, Jason T. Kahle, Rebecca M. Miro, M. Jason Highsmith
This study was a randomized crossover of stair ambulation of Transfemoral Amputees (TFAs) using the Genium and C-Leg prosthetic knees. TFAs typically have difficulty ascending and descending stairs, limiting community mobility. The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of the Genium and C-Leg prostheses for stair ascent and descent, and their absolute efficacy relative to non-amputees. Twenty TFAs, and five non-amputees participated in the study. TFAs were randomized to begin the study with the Genium or C-Leg prosthesis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection and the study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT01473662). After fitting, accommodation, and training, participants were asked to demonstrate their preferred gait pattern for stair ascent and descent and a step-over-step pattern if able. TFAs then switched prosthetic legs and repeated fitting, accommodation, training, and testing. An eight camera Vicon optical motion analysis system, and two AMTI force plates were used to track and analyze the participants’ gait patterns, knee flexion angles, knee moment normalized by body weight, and swing time. For stair descent, no significant differences were found between prostheses. For stair ascent, Genium use resulted in: increased ability to use a step-over-step gait pattern (p=0.03), increased prosthetic side peak knee flexion (p<0.01), and increased swing duration (p<0.01). Changes in contralateral side outcomes and in knee moment were not significant. Overall the Genium knee decreased deficiency in gait patterns for stair ascent relative to the C-Leg, by enabling gait patterns that more closely resembled non-amputees.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Derek J. Lura, Matthew W. Wernke, Stephanie L. Carey, Jason T. Kahle, Rebecca M. Miro, M. Jason Highsmith
This study was a randomized crossover of stair ambulation of Transfemoral Amputees (TFAs) using the Genium and C-Leg prosthetic knees. TFAs typically have difficulty ascending and descending stairs, limiting community mobility. The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of the Genium and C-Leg prostheses for stair ascent and descent, and their absolute efficacy relative to non-amputees. Twenty TFAs, and five non-amputees participated in the study. TFAs were randomized to begin the study with the Genium or C-Leg prosthesis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection and the study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT01473662). After fitting, accommodation, and training, participants were asked to demonstrate their preferred gait pattern for stair ascent and descent and a step-over-step pattern if able. TFAs then switched prosthetic legs and repeated fitting, accommodation, training, and testing. An eight camera Vicon optical motion analysis system, and two AMTI force plates were used to track and analyze the participants’ gait patterns, knee flexion angles, knee moment normalized by body weight, and swing time. For stair descent, no significant differences were found between prostheses. For stair ascent, Genium use resulted in: increased ability to use a step-over-step gait pattern (p=0.03), increased prosthetic side peak knee flexion (p<0.01), and increased swing duration (p<0.01). Changes in contralateral side outcomes and in knee moment were not significant. Overall the Genium knee decreased deficiency in gait patterns for stair ascent relative to the C-Leg, by enabling gait patterns that more closely resembled non-amputees.
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Spatiotemporal and plantar pressure patterns of 1000 healthy individuals aged 3–101 years
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Marnee J. McKay, Jennifer N. Baldwin, Paulo Ferreira, Milena Simic, Natalie Vanicek, Elizabeth Wojciechowski, Anita Mudge, Joshua Burns
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish normative reference values for spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and to investigate the influence of demographic, anthropometric and physical characteristics.MethodsIn 1000 healthy males and females aged 3–101 years, spatiotemporal and plantar pressure data were collected barefoot with the Zeno™ walkway and Emed® platform. Correlograms were developed to visualise the relationships between widely reported spatiotemporal and pressure variables with demographic (age, gender), anthropometric (height, mass, waist circumference) and physical characteristics (ankle strength, ankle range of motion, vibration perception) in children aged 3–9 years, adolescents aged 10–19 years, adults aged 20–59 years and older adults aged over 60 years.ResultsA comprehensive catalogue of 31 spatiotemporal and pressure variables were generated from 1000 healthy individuals. The key findings were that gait velocity was stable during adolescence and adulthood, while children and older adults walked at a comparable slower speed. Peak pressures increased during childhood to older adulthood. Children demonstrated highest peak pressures beneath the rearfoot whilst adolescents, adults and older adults demonstrated highest pressures at the forefoot. Main factors influencing spatiotemporal and pressure parameters were: increased age, height, body mass and waist circumference, as well as ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength.ConclusionThis study has established whole of life normative reference values of widely used spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and revealed changes to be expected across the lifespan.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Marnee J. McKay, Jennifer N. Baldwin, Paulo Ferreira, Milena Simic, Natalie Vanicek, Elizabeth Wojciechowski, Anita Mudge, Joshua Burns
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to establish normative reference values for spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and to investigate the influence of demographic, anthropometric and physical characteristics.MethodsIn 1000 healthy males and females aged 3–101 years, spatiotemporal and plantar pressure data were collected barefoot with the Zeno™ walkway and Emed® platform. Correlograms were developed to visualise the relationships between widely reported spatiotemporal and pressure variables with demographic (age, gender), anthropometric (height, mass, waist circumference) and physical characteristics (ankle strength, ankle range of motion, vibration perception) in children aged 3–9 years, adolescents aged 10–19 years, adults aged 20–59 years and older adults aged over 60 years.ResultsA comprehensive catalogue of 31 spatiotemporal and pressure variables were generated from 1000 healthy individuals. The key findings were that gait velocity was stable during adolescence and adulthood, while children and older adults walked at a comparable slower speed. Peak pressures increased during childhood to older adulthood. Children demonstrated highest peak pressures beneath the rearfoot whilst adolescents, adults and older adults demonstrated highest pressures at the forefoot. Main factors influencing spatiotemporal and pressure parameters were: increased age, height, body mass and waist circumference, as well as ankle dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength.ConclusionThis study has established whole of life normative reference values of widely used spatiotemporal and plantar pressure parameters, and revealed changes to be expected across the lifespan.
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Muscle contributions to knee extension in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Shinya Ogaya, Ryo Kubota, Yuta Chujo, Eiko Hirooka, Kim Kwang-ho, Kimitaka Hase
The aim of this study was to analyze individual muscle contributions to knee angular acceleration using a musculoskeletal simulation analysis and evaluate knee extension mechanics in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The subjects comprised 15 patients with medial knee OA and 14 healthy elderly individuals. All participants underwent gait performance test using 8 infrared cameras and two force plates to measure the kinetic and kinematic data. The simulation was driven by 92 Hill-type muscle-tendon units of the lower extremities and a trunk with 23° of freedom. We analyzed each muscle contribution to knee angular acceleration in the 5%–15% and 15%–25% periods of the stance phase (% SP) using an induced acceleration analysis. We compared accelerations by individual muscles between the two groups using an analysis of covariance for controlling gait speed. Patients with knee OA had a significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles and higher knee acceleration by hip adductors than those in controls in 5–15% SP. In addition, knee OA resulted in significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles in 15–25% SP. These results indicate that patients with knee OA have decreased dependency on the vasti muscles to control knee movements during early stance phase. Hip adductor muscles, which mainly control mediolateral motion, partly compensate for the weak knee extension by the vasti muscles in patients with knee OA.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Shinya Ogaya, Ryo Kubota, Yuta Chujo, Eiko Hirooka, Kim Kwang-ho, Kimitaka Hase
The aim of this study was to analyze individual muscle contributions to knee angular acceleration using a musculoskeletal simulation analysis and evaluate knee extension mechanics in the early stance phase in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA). The subjects comprised 15 patients with medial knee OA and 14 healthy elderly individuals. All participants underwent gait performance test using 8 infrared cameras and two force plates to measure the kinetic and kinematic data. The simulation was driven by 92 Hill-type muscle-tendon units of the lower extremities and a trunk with 23° of freedom. We analyzed each muscle contribution to knee angular acceleration in the 5%–15% and 15%–25% periods of the stance phase (% SP) using an induced acceleration analysis. We compared accelerations by individual muscles between the two groups using an analysis of covariance for controlling gait speed. Patients with knee OA had a significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles and higher knee acceleration by hip adductors than those in controls in 5–15% SP. In addition, knee OA resulted in significantly lesser knee extension acceleration by the vasti muscles in 15–25% SP. These results indicate that patients with knee OA have decreased dependency on the vasti muscles to control knee movements during early stance phase. Hip adductor muscles, which mainly control mediolateral motion, partly compensate for the weak knee extension by the vasti muscles in patients with knee OA.
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Adding an arch support to a heel lift improves stability and comfort during gait
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Xianyi Zhang, Bo Li, Kun Hu, Qiufeng Wan, Yuhao Ding, Benedicte Vanwanseele
Heel lifts have been widely used as a conservative treatment for some musculoskeletal problems and complaints. However, the heel rise caused by heel lifts may also affect the plantar pressure distribution and stability during walking. This study aimed to test whether adding an arch support to a heel lift would improve its stability and comfort through comparing the center of pressure (COP) during walking and subjective ratings between heel lifts with and without an arch support. Fifteen healthy male participants were asked to walk along an 8m walkway while wearing high-cut footwear with the control heel lifts and the heel lifts with an arch support. A Footscan pressure plate was used to measure the COP during walking. Subjective ratings including medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort were assessed for each participant. The results showed that compared to the control condition, the COP trajectory was medially shifted during stance phase of gait in the arch support condition. The maximum displacements and velocity of medial-lateral COP in the forefoot contact phase were smaller in the arch support condition than in the control condition. Adding an arch support to a heel lift also significantly improved the subjective ratings in terms of the medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort. The findings of this study suggest that adding an arch support to a heel lift could improve its stability and comfort during walking.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Xianyi Zhang, Bo Li, Kun Hu, Qiufeng Wan, Yuhao Ding, Benedicte Vanwanseele
Heel lifts have been widely used as a conservative treatment for some musculoskeletal problems and complaints. However, the heel rise caused by heel lifts may also affect the plantar pressure distribution and stability during walking. This study aimed to test whether adding an arch support to a heel lift would improve its stability and comfort through comparing the center of pressure (COP) during walking and subjective ratings between heel lifts with and without an arch support. Fifteen healthy male participants were asked to walk along an 8m walkway while wearing high-cut footwear with the control heel lifts and the heel lifts with an arch support. A Footscan pressure plate was used to measure the COP during walking. Subjective ratings including medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort were assessed for each participant. The results showed that compared to the control condition, the COP trajectory was medially shifted during stance phase of gait in the arch support condition. The maximum displacements and velocity of medial-lateral COP in the forefoot contact phase were smaller in the arch support condition than in the control condition. Adding an arch support to a heel lift also significantly improved the subjective ratings in terms of the medial-lateral control, dynamic foot/shoe fitting and overall comfort. The findings of this study suggest that adding an arch support to a heel lift could improve its stability and comfort during walking.
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In-situ force plate calibration: 12 years’ experience with an approach for correcting the point of force application
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Renate List, Marina Hitz, Michael Angst, William R. Taylor, Silvio Lorenzetti
Force plates are common assessment tools used in biomechanics to measure ground reaction forces during motion capture or strength exercises. While the accuracy of the resulting kinetic data is critical for accurate gait analysis, factors such as plate mounting are thought to influence the measured point of force application (PFA) of the ground reaction forces. The aim of this study was therefore to present an accurate in-situ PFA calibration method. In addition, the approach was evaluated by examining the required PFA corrections over a period of ten years, which included plate remounting and a change of foundation.The in-situ PFA calibration was performed on six plates by assessing the locations of up to 98 points of force application per plate using an instrumented pole. Application of the in-situ PFA calibration approach reduced the root mean square errors by up to approximately 60% compared to the manufacturers calculation. Correction coefficients were strongly dependent on the individual platform as well as the location of the applied force on the plate. Remounting of the plates altered the plate coefficient corrections considerably, while changes over time were notable but not as extensive. We therefore recommend that plates should be recalibrated after remounting, but also at least every 5 years, in order to ensure the preservation of an accurate PFA.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Renate List, Marina Hitz, Michael Angst, William R. Taylor, Silvio Lorenzetti
Force plates are common assessment tools used in biomechanics to measure ground reaction forces during motion capture or strength exercises. While the accuracy of the resulting kinetic data is critical for accurate gait analysis, factors such as plate mounting are thought to influence the measured point of force application (PFA) of the ground reaction forces. The aim of this study was therefore to present an accurate in-situ PFA calibration method. In addition, the approach was evaluated by examining the required PFA corrections over a period of ten years, which included plate remounting and a change of foundation.The in-situ PFA calibration was performed on six plates by assessing the locations of up to 98 points of force application per plate using an instrumented pole. Application of the in-situ PFA calibration approach reduced the root mean square errors by up to approximately 60% compared to the manufacturers calculation. Correction coefficients were strongly dependent on the individual platform as well as the location of the applied force on the plate. Remounting of the plates altered the plate coefficient corrections considerably, while changes over time were notable but not as extensive. We therefore recommend that plates should be recalibrated after remounting, but also at least every 5 years, in order to ensure the preservation of an accurate PFA.
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Crossover study of amputee stair ascent and descent biomechanics using Genium and C-Leg prostheses with comparison to non-amputee control
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Derek J. Lura, Matthew W. Wernke, Stephanie L. Carey, Jason T. Kahle, Rebecca M. Miro, M. Jason Highsmith
This study was a randomized crossover of stair ambulation of Transfemoral Amputees (TFAs) using the Genium and C-Leg prosthetic knees. TFAs typically have difficulty ascending and descending stairs, limiting community mobility. The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of the Genium and C-Leg prostheses for stair ascent and descent, and their absolute efficacy relative to non-amputees. Twenty TFAs, and five non-amputees participated in the study. TFAs were randomized to begin the study with the Genium or C-Leg prosthesis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection and the study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT01473662). After fitting, accommodation, and training, participants were asked to demonstrate their preferred gait pattern for stair ascent and descent and a step-over-step pattern if able. TFAs then switched prosthetic legs and repeated fitting, accommodation, training, and testing. An eight camera Vicon optical motion analysis system, and two AMTI force plates were used to track and analyze the participants’ gait patterns, knee flexion angles, knee moment normalized by body weight, and swing time. For stair descent, no significant differences were found between prostheses. For stair ascent, Genium use resulted in: increased ability to use a step-over-step gait pattern (p=0.03), increased prosthetic side peak knee flexion (p<0.01), and increased swing duration (p<0.01). Changes in contralateral side outcomes and in knee moment were not significant. Overall the Genium knee decreased deficiency in gait patterns for stair ascent relative to the C-Leg, by enabling gait patterns that more closely resembled non-amputees.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Derek J. Lura, Matthew W. Wernke, Stephanie L. Carey, Jason T. Kahle, Rebecca M. Miro, M. Jason Highsmith
This study was a randomized crossover of stair ambulation of Transfemoral Amputees (TFAs) using the Genium and C-Leg prosthetic knees. TFAs typically have difficulty ascending and descending stairs, limiting community mobility. The objective of this study was to determine the relative efficacy of the Genium and C-Leg prostheses for stair ascent and descent, and their absolute efficacy relative to non-amputees. Twenty TFAs, and five non-amputees participated in the study. TFAs were randomized to begin the study with the Genium or C-Leg prosthesis. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to data collection and the study was listed on clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT01473662). After fitting, accommodation, and training, participants were asked to demonstrate their preferred gait pattern for stair ascent and descent and a step-over-step pattern if able. TFAs then switched prosthetic legs and repeated fitting, accommodation, training, and testing. An eight camera Vicon optical motion analysis system, and two AMTI force plates were used to track and analyze the participants’ gait patterns, knee flexion angles, knee moment normalized by body weight, and swing time. For stair descent, no significant differences were found between prostheses. For stair ascent, Genium use resulted in: increased ability to use a step-over-step gait pattern (p=0.03), increased prosthetic side peak knee flexion (p<0.01), and increased swing duration (p<0.01). Changes in contralateral side outcomes and in knee moment were not significant. Overall the Genium knee decreased deficiency in gait patterns for stair ascent relative to the C-Leg, by enabling gait patterns that more closely resembled non-amputees.
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Speech reception with different bilateral directional processing schemes: Influence of binaural hearing, audiometric asymmetry, and acoustic scenario
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Speech reception with different bilateral directional processing schemes: Influence of binaural hearing, audiometric asymmetry, and acoustic scenario
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Speech reception with different bilateral directional processing schemes: Influence of binaural hearing, audiometric asymmetry, and acoustic scenario
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Speech reception with different bilateral directional processing schemes: Influence of binaural hearing, audiometric asymmetry, and acoustic scenario
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Speech reception with different bilateral directional processing schemes: Influence of binaural hearing, audiometric asymmetry, and acoustic scenario
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Tobias Neher, Kirsten C. Wagener, Matthias Latzel
Hearing aid (HA) users can differ markedly in their benefit from directional processing (or beamforming) algorithms. The current study therefore investigated candidacy for different bilateral directional processing schemes. Groups of elderly listeners with symmetric (N = 20) or asymmetric (N = 19) hearing thresholds for frequencies below 2 kHz, a large spread in the binaural intelligibility level difference (BILD), and no difference in age, overall degree of hearing loss, or performance on a measure of selective attention took part. Aided speech reception was measured using virtual acoustics together with a simulation of a linked pair of completely occluding behind-the-ear HAs. Five processing schemes and three acoustic scenarios were used. The processing schemes differed in the tradeoff between signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) improvement and binaural cue preservation. The acoustic scenarios consisted of a frontal target talker presented against two speech maskers from ±60° azimuth or spatially diffuse cafeteria noise. For both groups, a significant interaction between BILD, processing scheme, and acoustic scenario was found. This interaction implied that, in situations with lateral speech maskers, HA users with BILDs larger than about 2 dB profited more from preserved low-frequency binaural cues than from greater SNR improvement, whereas for smaller BILDs the opposite was true. Audiometric asymmetry reduced the influence of binaural hearing. In spatially diffuse noise, the maximal SNR improvement was generally beneficial. N0Sπ detection performance at 500 Hz predicted the benefit from low-frequency binaural cues. Together, these findings provide a basis for adapting bilateral directional processing to individual and situational influences. Further research is needed to investigate their generalizability to more realistic HA conditions (e.g., with low-frequency vent-transmitted sound).
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Identifying Knowledge Gaps in Clinicians Who Evaluate and Treat Vocal Performing Artists in College Health Settings
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Leah McKinnon-Howe, Jayme Dowdall
ObjectiveThe goal of this study was to identify knowledge gaps in clinicians who evaluate and treat performing artists for illnesses and injuries that affect vocal function in college health settings.Study DesignThis pilot study utilized a web-based cross-sectional survey design incorporating common clinical scenarios to test knowledge of evaluation and management strategies in the vocal performing artist.MethodsA web-based survey was administered to a purposive sample of 28 clinicians to identify the approach utilized to evaluate and treat vocal performing artists in college health settings, and factors that might affect knowledge gaps and influence referral patterns to voice specialists.ResultsTwenty-eight clinicians were surveyed, with 36% of respondents incorrectly identifying appropriate vocal hygiene measures, 56% of respondents failing to identify symptoms of vocal fold hemorrhage, 84% failing to identify other indications for referral to a voice specialist, 96% of respondents acknowledging unfamiliarity with the Voice Handicap Index and the Singers Voice Handicap Index, and 68% acknowledging unfamiliarity with the Reflux Symptom Index.ConclusionThe data elucidated specific knowledge gaps in college health providers who are responsible for evaluating and treating common illnesses that affect vocal function, and triaging and referring students experiencing symptoms of potential vocal emergencies. Future work is needed to improve the standard of care for this population.
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Auditory Phenotype of Smith-Magenis Syndrome.
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Related Articles |
Auditory Phenotype of Smith-Magenis Syndrome.
J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017 Apr 14;60(4):1076-1087
Authors: Brendal MA, King KA, Zalewski CK, Finucane BM, Introne W, Brewer CC, Smith ACM
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the auditory phenotype of a large cohort with Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), a rare disorder including physical anomalies, cognitive deficits, sleep disturbances, and a distinct behavioral phenotype.
Method: Hearing-related data were collected for 133 individuals with SMS aged 1-49 years. Audiogram data (97 participants) were used for cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Caregivers completed a sound sensitivity survey for 98 individuals with SMS and a control group of 24 unaffected siblings.
Results: Nearly 80% of participants with interpretable audiograms (n = 76) had hearing loss, which was typically slight to mild in degree. When hearing loss type could be determined (40 participants), sensorineural hearing loss (48.1%) occurred most often in participants aged 11-49 years. Conductive hearing loss (35.2%) was typically observed in children aged 1-10 years. A pattern of fluctuating and progressive hearing decline was documented. Hyperacusis was reported in 73.5% of participants with SMS compared with 12.5% of unaffected siblings.
Conclusions: This study offers the most comprehensive characterization of the auditory phenotype of SMS to date. The auditory profile in SMS is multifaceted and can include a previously unreported manifestation of hyperacusis. Routine audiologic surveillance is recommended as part of standard clinical care.
PMID: 28384694 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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New Study Finds Noise Exposure Not Linked to Hearing Loss in Youths
Researchers have found that prolonged or recent noise exposure is not consistently associated with an increased risk of hearing loss among those aged 12-19 based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2010 (JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 [Epub ahead of print]). They analyzed the audiometric measurements of 7,036 survey participants in this study; and while there was an overall rise in exposure to loud noise or music through headphones 24 hours prior to audiometric testing, they discovered that the prevalence of hearing loss has dropped to 15.2 percent in 2009-2010, compared with 17 and 22.5 percent in the 1988-1994 and 2007-2008 surveys respectively. The authors concluded that there was no association between noise-induced threshold shift and noise exposures and that their findings call into question previous conclusions that increasing noise exposure is responsible for increasing levels of pediatric hearing loss.
One of the authors, Dylan Chan, MD, PhD, spoke to the New York Times about the study and attributed the decrease in prevalence to behavioral changes such as avoiding noise and wearing volume-limiting headphones designed for children. "I hope people don't take this as an excuse to say noise-induced hearing loss is not a problem, so we can go back to listening to headphones at full volume," he said.
Published: 7/28/2017 9:33:00 AM
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New Study Finds Noise Exposure Not Linked to Hearing Loss in Youths
Researchers have found that prolonged or recent noise exposure is not consistently associated with an increased risk of hearing loss among those aged 12-19 based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2010 (JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 [Epub ahead of print]). They analyzed the audiometric measurements of 7,036 survey participants in this study; and while there was an overall rise in exposure to loud noise or music through headphones 24 hours prior to audiometric testing, they discovered that the prevalence of hearing loss has dropped to 15.2 percent in 2009-2010, compared with 17 and 22.5 percent in the 1988-1994 and 2007-2008 surveys respectively. The authors concluded that there was no association between noise-induced threshold shift and noise exposures and that their findings call into question previous conclusions that increasing noise exposure is responsible for increasing levels of pediatric hearing loss.
One of the authors, Dylan Chan, MD, PhD, spoke to the New York Times about the study and attributed the decrease in prevalence to behavioral changes such as avoiding noise and wearing volume-limiting headphones designed for children. "I hope people don't take this as an excuse to say noise-induced hearing loss is not a problem, so we can go back to listening to headphones at full volume," he said.
Published: 7/28/2017 9:33:00 AM
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New Study Finds Noise Exposure Not Linked to Hearing Loss in Youths
Researchers have found that prolonged or recent noise exposure is not consistently associated with an increased risk of hearing loss among those aged 12-19 based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys from 1988 to 2010 (JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017 [Epub ahead of print]). They analyzed the audiometric measurements of 7,036 survey participants in this study; and while there was an overall rise in exposure to loud noise or music through headphones 24 hours prior to audiometric testing, they discovered that the prevalence of hearing loss has dropped to 15.2 percent in 2009-2010, compared with 17 and 22.5 percent in the 1988-1994 and 2007-2008 surveys respectively. The authors concluded that there was no association between noise-induced threshold shift and noise exposures and that their findings call into question previous conclusions that increasing noise exposure is responsible for increasing levels of pediatric hearing loss.
One of the authors, Dylan Chan, MD, PhD, spoke to the New York Times about the study and attributed the decrease in prevalence to behavioral changes such as avoiding noise and wearing volume-limiting headphones designed for children. "I hope people don't take this as an excuse to say noise-induced hearing loss is not a problem, so we can go back to listening to headphones at full volume," he said.
Published: 7/28/2017 9:33:00 AM
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Παρασκευή 28 Ιουλίου 2017
Gait alterations in the UAE population with and without diabetic complications using both traditional and entropy measures
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kinda Khalaf, Haitham M. Al-Angari, Ahsan H. Khandoker, Sungmun Lee, Wael Almahmeed, Habiba S. Al Safar, Herbert F. Jelinek
Diabetic foot, one of the most common and debilitating manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is the leading cause of worldwide non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Diabetics who are at risk of ulceration are currently mainly identified by a thorough clinical examination of the feet, which typically does not show clear symptoms during the early stages of disease progression. In this study, we used a non-linear dynamics tool, gait entropy (GaitEN), in addition to traditional linear gait analysis methods, to investigate gait alterations amongst diabetic patients with combinations of three types of T2DM related complications: retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and nephropathy. Peak plantar pressure (PPP) was not significantly different in the group with DPN as compared to the control group (diabetics with no complications, CONT) in the forefoot region (DPN: mean±SD: 396±69.4kPa, CONT: 409±68.9kPa), although it was significantly lower in the heel region (DPN: mean±SD: 285±43.1.4kPa, CONT: 295±61.8kPa). On the other hand, gait entropy was significantly lower for the DPN compared to CONT group (DPN: 0.95±0.34, CONT: 1.03±0.28, p<0.05). The significant low entropy was maintained when neuropathy was combined with either retinopathy or nephropathy. For the group with all three complications (ALL-C), the entropy was higher than CONT (ALL-C: 1.07±0.26). This may indicate an intrinsic sensorimotor feedback mechanism for the DPN patients to regulate their gait. However, this feedback gets weaker as patients develop multiple complications. Further analysis with longer walking time and different speeds is needed to verify the entropy results.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kinda Khalaf, Haitham M. Al-Angari, Ahsan H. Khandoker, Sungmun Lee, Wael Almahmeed, Habiba S. Al Safar, Herbert F. Jelinek
Diabetic foot, one of the most common and debilitating manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is the leading cause of worldwide non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Diabetics who are at risk of ulceration are currently mainly identified by a thorough clinical examination of the feet, which typically does not show clear symptoms during the early stages of disease progression. In this study, we used a non-linear dynamics tool, gait entropy (GaitEN), in addition to traditional linear gait analysis methods, to investigate gait alterations amongst diabetic patients with combinations of three types of T2DM related complications: retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and nephropathy. Peak plantar pressure (PPP) was not significantly different in the group with DPN as compared to the control group (diabetics with no complications, CONT) in the forefoot region (DPN: mean±SD: 396±69.4kPa, CONT: 409±68.9kPa), although it was significantly lower in the heel region (DPN: mean±SD: 285±43.1.4kPa, CONT: 295±61.8kPa). On the other hand, gait entropy was significantly lower for the DPN compared to CONT group (DPN: 0.95±0.34, CONT: 1.03±0.28, p<0.05). The significant low entropy was maintained when neuropathy was combined with either retinopathy or nephropathy. For the group with all three complications (ALL-C), the entropy was higher than CONT (ALL-C: 1.07±0.26). This may indicate an intrinsic sensorimotor feedback mechanism for the DPN patients to regulate their gait. However, this feedback gets weaker as patients develop multiple complications. Further analysis with longer walking time and different speeds is needed to verify the entropy results.
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Gait alterations in the UAE population with and without diabetic complications using both traditional and entropy measures
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kinda Khalaf, Haitham M. Al-Angari, Ahsan H. Khandoker, Sungmun Lee, Wael Almahmeed, Habiba S. Al Safar, Herbert F. Jelinek
Diabetic foot, one of the most common and debilitating manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is the leading cause of worldwide non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Diabetics who are at risk of ulceration are currently mainly identified by a thorough clinical examination of the feet, which typically does not show clear symptoms during the early stages of disease progression. In this study, we used a non-linear dynamics tool, gait entropy (GaitEN), in addition to traditional linear gait analysis methods, to investigate gait alterations amongst diabetic patients with combinations of three types of T2DM related complications: retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and nephropathy. Peak plantar pressure (PPP) was not significantly different in the group with DPN as compared to the control group (diabetics with no complications, CONT) in the forefoot region (DPN: mean±SD: 396±69.4kPa, CONT: 409±68.9kPa), although it was significantly lower in the heel region (DPN: mean±SD: 285±43.1.4kPa, CONT: 295±61.8kPa). On the other hand, gait entropy was significantly lower for the DPN compared to CONT group (DPN: 0.95±0.34, CONT: 1.03±0.28, p<0.05). The significant low entropy was maintained when neuropathy was combined with either retinopathy or nephropathy. For the group with all three complications (ALL-C), the entropy was higher than CONT (ALL-C: 1.07±0.26). This may indicate an intrinsic sensorimotor feedback mechanism for the DPN patients to regulate their gait. However, this feedback gets weaker as patients develop multiple complications. Further analysis with longer walking time and different speeds is needed to verify the entropy results.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kinda Khalaf, Haitham M. Al-Angari, Ahsan H. Khandoker, Sungmun Lee, Wael Almahmeed, Habiba S. Al Safar, Herbert F. Jelinek
Diabetic foot, one of the most common and debilitating manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is the leading cause of worldwide non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Diabetics who are at risk of ulceration are currently mainly identified by a thorough clinical examination of the feet, which typically does not show clear symptoms during the early stages of disease progression. In this study, we used a non-linear dynamics tool, gait entropy (GaitEN), in addition to traditional linear gait analysis methods, to investigate gait alterations amongst diabetic patients with combinations of three types of T2DM related complications: retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and nephropathy. Peak plantar pressure (PPP) was not significantly different in the group with DPN as compared to the control group (diabetics with no complications, CONT) in the forefoot region (DPN: mean±SD: 396±69.4kPa, CONT: 409±68.9kPa), although it was significantly lower in the heel region (DPN: mean±SD: 285±43.1.4kPa, CONT: 295±61.8kPa). On the other hand, gait entropy was significantly lower for the DPN compared to CONT group (DPN: 0.95±0.34, CONT: 1.03±0.28, p<0.05). The significant low entropy was maintained when neuropathy was combined with either retinopathy or nephropathy. For the group with all three complications (ALL-C), the entropy was higher than CONT (ALL-C: 1.07±0.26). This may indicate an intrinsic sensorimotor feedback mechanism for the DPN patients to regulate their gait. However, this feedback gets weaker as patients develop multiple complications. Further analysis with longer walking time and different speeds is needed to verify the entropy results.
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Gait alterations in the UAE population with and without diabetic complications using both traditional and entropy measures
Publication date: October 2017
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kinda Khalaf, Haitham M. Al-Angari, Ahsan H. Khandoker, Sungmun Lee, Wael Almahmeed, Habiba S. Al Safar, Herbert F. Jelinek
Diabetic foot, one of the most common and debilitating manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is the leading cause of worldwide non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Diabetics who are at risk of ulceration are currently mainly identified by a thorough clinical examination of the feet, which typically does not show clear symptoms during the early stages of disease progression. In this study, we used a non-linear dynamics tool, gait entropy (GaitEN), in addition to traditional linear gait analysis methods, to investigate gait alterations amongst diabetic patients with combinations of three types of T2DM related complications: retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and nephropathy. Peak plantar pressure (PPP) was not significantly different in the group with DPN as compared to the control group (diabetics with no complications, CONT) in the forefoot region (DPN: mean±SD: 396±69.4kPa, CONT: 409±68.9kPa), although it was significantly lower in the heel region (DPN: mean±SD: 285±43.1.4kPa, CONT: 295±61.8kPa). On the other hand, gait entropy was significantly lower for the DPN compared to CONT group (DPN: 0.95±0.34, CONT: 1.03±0.28, p<0.05). The significant low entropy was maintained when neuropathy was combined with either retinopathy or nephropathy. For the group with all three complications (ALL-C), the entropy was higher than CONT (ALL-C: 1.07±0.26). This may indicate an intrinsic sensorimotor feedback mechanism for the DPN patients to regulate their gait. However, this feedback gets weaker as patients develop multiple complications. Further analysis with longer walking time and different speeds is needed to verify the entropy results.
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Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 58
Author(s): Kinda Khalaf, Haitham M. Al-Angari, Ahsan H. Khandoker, Sungmun Lee, Wael Almahmeed, Habiba S. Al Safar, Herbert F. Jelinek
Diabetic foot, one of the most common and debilitating manifestations of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), is the leading cause of worldwide non-traumatic lower extremity amputations. Diabetics who are at risk of ulceration are currently mainly identified by a thorough clinical examination of the feet, which typically does not show clear symptoms during the early stages of disease progression. In this study, we used a non-linear dynamics tool, gait entropy (GaitEN), in addition to traditional linear gait analysis methods, to investigate gait alterations amongst diabetic patients with combinations of three types of T2DM related complications: retinopathy, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and nephropathy. Peak plantar pressure (PPP) was not significantly different in the group with DPN as compared to the control group (diabetics with no complications, CONT) in the forefoot region (DPN: mean±SD: 396±69.4kPa, CONT: 409±68.9kPa), although it was significantly lower in the heel region (DPN: mean±SD: 285±43.1.4kPa, CONT: 295±61.8kPa). On the other hand, gait entropy was significantly lower for the DPN compared to CONT group (DPN: 0.95±0.34, CONT: 1.03±0.28, p<0.05). The significant low entropy was maintained when neuropathy was combined with either retinopathy or nephropathy. For the group with all three complications (ALL-C), the entropy was higher than CONT (ALL-C: 1.07±0.26). This may indicate an intrinsic sensorimotor feedback mechanism for the DPN patients to regulate their gait. However, this feedback gets weaker as patients develop multiple complications. Further analysis with longer walking time and different speeds is needed to verify the entropy results.
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Effect of Context on the Contribution of Individual Harmonics to Residue Pitch
Abstract
There is evidence that the contribution of a given harmonic in a complex tone to residue pitch is influenced by the accuracy with which the frequency of that harmonic is encoded. The present study investigated whether listeners adjust the weights assigned to individual harmonics based on acquired knowledge of the reliability of the frequency estimates of those harmonics. In a two-interval forced-choice task, seven listeners indicated which of two 12-harmonic complex tones had the higher overall pitch. In context trials (60 % of all trials), the fundamental frequency (F0) was 200 Hz in one interval and 200 + ΔF0 Hz in the other. In different (blocked) conditions, either the 3rd or the 4th harmonic (plus the 7th, 9th, and 12th harmonics), were replaced by narrowband noises that were identical in the two intervals. Feedback was provided. In randomly interspersed test trials (40 % of all trials), the fundamental frequency was 200 + ΔF0/2 Hz in both intervals; in the second interval, either the third or the fourth harmonic was shifted slightly up or down in frequency with equal probability. There were no narrowband noises. Feedback was not provided. The results showed that substitution of a harmonic by noise in context trials reduced the contribution of that harmonic to pitch judgements in the test trials by a small but significant amount. This is consistent with the notion that listeners give smaller weight to a harmonic or frequency region when they have learned that this frequency region does not provide reliable information for a given task.
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Spatial Selectivity in Cochlear Implants: Effects of Asymmetric Waveforms and Development of a Single-Point Measure
Abstract
Three experiments studied the extent to which cochlear implant users’ spatial selectivity can be manipulated using asymmetric waveforms and tested an efficient method for comparing spatial selectivity produced by different stimuli. Experiment 1 measured forward-masked psychophysical tuning curves (PTCs) for a partial tripolar (pTP) probe. Maskers were presented on bipolar pairs separated by one unused electrode; waveforms were either symmetric biphasic (“SYM”) or pseudomonophasic with the short high-amplitude phase being either anodic (“PSA”) or cathodic (“PSC”) on the more apical electrode. For the SYM masker, several subjects showed PTCs consistent with a bimodal excitation pattern, with discrete excitation peaks on each electrode of the bipolar masker pair. Most subjects showed significant differences between the PSA and PSC maskers consistent with greater masking by the electrode where the high-amplitude phase was anodic, but the pattern differed markedly across subjects. Experiment 2 measured masked excitation patterns for a pTP probe and either a monopolar symmetric biphasic masker (“MP_SYM”) or pTP pseudomonophasic maskers where the short high-amplitude phase was either anodic (“TP_PSA”) or cathodic (“TP_PSC”) on the masker’s central electrode. Four of the five subjects showed significant differences between the masker types, but again the pattern varied markedly across subjects. Because the levels of the maskers were chosen to produce the same masking of a probe on the same channel as the masker, it was correctly predicted that maskers that produce broader masking patterns would sound louder. Experiment 3 exploited this finding by using a single-point measure of spread of excitation to reveal significantly better spatial selectivity for TP_PSA compared to TP_PSC maskers.
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Core Body Temperature Effects on the Mouse Vestibulo-ocular Reflex
Abstract
Core body temperature has been shown to affect vestibular end-organ and nerve afferents so that their resting discharge rate and sensitivity increase with temperature. Our aim was to determine whether these changes observed in extracellular nerve recordings of anaesthetized C57BL/6 mice corresponded to changes in the behavioural vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) of alert mice. The VOR drives eye rotations to keep images stable on the retina during head movements. We measured the VOR gain (eye velocity/head velocity) and phase (delay between vestibular stimulus and response) during whole-body sinusoidal rotations ranging 0.5–12 Hz with peak velocity 50 or 100 °/s in nine adult C57BL/6 mice. We also measured the VOR during whole-body transient rotations with acceleration 3000 or 6000 °/s2 reaching a plateau of 150 or 300 °/s. These measures were obtained while the mouse’s core body temperature was held at either 32 or 37 °C for at least 35 min before recording. The temperature presentation order and timing were pseudo-randomized. We found that a temperature increase from 32 to 37 °C caused a significant increase in sinusoidal VOR gain of 17 % (P < 0.001). Temperature had no other effects on the behavioural VOR. Our data suggest that temperature effects on regularly firing afferents best correspond to the changes that we observed in the VOR gain.
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Corrigendum to “Pre- and Poststimulation Study on the Phonatory Aerodynamic System on Participants with Dysphonia” [Journal of Voice 31 (2017) 254.e1–254.e9]
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Natalie Schaeffer, Sunyoung Kim
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Detecting Laryngopharyngeal Reflux by Immunohistochemistry of Pepsin in the Biopsies of Vocal Fold Leukoplakia
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Xia Gong, Xiao-Yun Wang, Li Yang, Ming-Jun Sun, Jun Du, Wei Zhang
Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) may contribute to the development of laryngeal diseases including vocal fold leukoplakia. Clinical methods of determining LPR are limited. Pepsin, as an exogenous protein, is considered as a biomarker of LPR. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to detect pepsin by immunohistochemistry in the biopsies from patients with vocal fold leukoplakia, and by which, to determine the potential association of LPR and vocal leukoplakia. A total of 26 biopsies from patients with vocal fold leukoplakia were examined in comparison with 20 vocal fold biopsies from control subjects. We found that 2 out of 26 patients (7.7%) were strongly positive, 4 of the 26 (15.4%) patients were positive, 11 of the 26 (42.3%) patients were weakly positive, and 9 of the 26 (34.6%) were negative staining for pepsin. In contrast, only 4 of the 20 (20.0%) control subjects were weakly positive and the rest (16; 80.0%) were negative staining for pepsin. There was significant difference between the two groups in terms of positivity of pepsin staining (χ2 = 24.181, P < 0.001). These findings suggest that pepsin immunohistochemical staining could be a biomarker of LPR and that LPR may be a risk factor for the development of vocal fold leukoplakia.
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Validation of self-reported hearing loss among adult Croatians: the performance of the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire against audiometric evaluation.
Validation of self-reported hearing loss among adult Croatians: the performance of the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire against audiometric evaluation.
Int J Audiol. 2017 Jul 27;:1-9
Authors: Bonetti L, Šimunjak B, Franić J
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the performance of a self-assessment hearing loss screening tool for adults against audiometric evaluation. Different audiological measurements were compared with the results of a 10-item Likert-type questionnaire named the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire (HSAQ) to investigate its psychometric characteristics.
DESIGN: Participants underwent audiological evaluation and completed the HSAQ. The screening performance of the HSAQ was evaluated against three definitions of hearing loss: better-ear mean pure-tone thresholds >25 dBHL at 500-2000 Hz, 500-4000 Hz and 1000-4000 Hz.
STUDY SAMPLE: The study enrolled 112 participants aged between 24 and 88 years (mean age 56.24 years, ±12.92).
RESULTS: The HSAQ had high Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients and showed construct, concurrent and discriminant validity. Its screening characteristics proved very good or excellent, depending on the definition of hearing loss. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed excellent accuracy of the HSAQ in the identification of better-ear high-frequency hearing loss and better-ear speech-frequency hearing loss, with respect to different cut-off points.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the ease with which it is administered and its good screening properties, the HSAQ can be useful in deciding whether adult clients should be referred to audiological evaluation due to reasonable suspicion of hypoacusis.
PMID: 28749193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Validation of self-reported hearing loss among adult Croatians: the performance of the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire against audiometric evaluation.
Validation of self-reported hearing loss among adult Croatians: the performance of the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire against audiometric evaluation.
Int J Audiol. 2017 Jul 27;:1-9
Authors: Bonetti L, Šimunjak B, Franić J
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the performance of a self-assessment hearing loss screening tool for adults against audiometric evaluation. Different audiological measurements were compared with the results of a 10-item Likert-type questionnaire named the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire (HSAQ) to investigate its psychometric characteristics.
DESIGN: Participants underwent audiological evaluation and completed the HSAQ. The screening performance of the HSAQ was evaluated against three definitions of hearing loss: better-ear mean pure-tone thresholds >25 dBHL at 500-2000 Hz, 500-4000 Hz and 1000-4000 Hz.
STUDY SAMPLE: The study enrolled 112 participants aged between 24 and 88 years (mean age 56.24 years, ±12.92).
RESULTS: The HSAQ had high Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients and showed construct, concurrent and discriminant validity. Its screening characteristics proved very good or excellent, depending on the definition of hearing loss. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed excellent accuracy of the HSAQ in the identification of better-ear high-frequency hearing loss and better-ear speech-frequency hearing loss, with respect to different cut-off points.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the ease with which it is administered and its good screening properties, the HSAQ can be useful in deciding whether adult clients should be referred to audiological evaluation due to reasonable suspicion of hypoacusis.
PMID: 28749193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Validation of self-reported hearing loss among adult Croatians: the performance of the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire against audiometric evaluation.
Validation of self-reported hearing loss among adult Croatians: the performance of the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire against audiometric evaluation.
Int J Audiol. 2017 Jul 27;:1-9
Authors: Bonetti L, Šimunjak B, Franić J
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the performance of a self-assessment hearing loss screening tool for adults against audiometric evaluation. Different audiological measurements were compared with the results of a 10-item Likert-type questionnaire named the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire (HSAQ) to investigate its psychometric characteristics.
DESIGN: Participants underwent audiological evaluation and completed the HSAQ. The screening performance of the HSAQ was evaluated against three definitions of hearing loss: better-ear mean pure-tone thresholds >25 dBHL at 500-2000 Hz, 500-4000 Hz and 1000-4000 Hz.
STUDY SAMPLE: The study enrolled 112 participants aged between 24 and 88 years (mean age 56.24 years, ±12.92).
RESULTS: The HSAQ had high Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients and showed construct, concurrent and discriminant validity. Its screening characteristics proved very good or excellent, depending on the definition of hearing loss. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed excellent accuracy of the HSAQ in the identification of better-ear high-frequency hearing loss and better-ear speech-frequency hearing loss, with respect to different cut-off points.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the ease with which it is administered and its good screening properties, the HSAQ can be useful in deciding whether adult clients should be referred to audiological evaluation due to reasonable suspicion of hypoacusis.
PMID: 28749193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Validation of self-reported hearing loss among adult Croatians: the performance of the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire against audiometric evaluation.
Validation of self-reported hearing loss among adult Croatians: the performance of the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire against audiometric evaluation.
Int J Audiol. 2017 Jul 27;:1-9
Authors: Bonetti L, Šimunjak B, Franić J
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to validate the performance of a self-assessment hearing loss screening tool for adults against audiometric evaluation. Different audiological measurements were compared with the results of a 10-item Likert-type questionnaire named the Hearing Self-Assessment Questionnaire (HSAQ) to investigate its psychometric characteristics.
DESIGN: Participants underwent audiological evaluation and completed the HSAQ. The screening performance of the HSAQ was evaluated against three definitions of hearing loss: better-ear mean pure-tone thresholds >25 dBHL at 500-2000 Hz, 500-4000 Hz and 1000-4000 Hz.
STUDY SAMPLE: The study enrolled 112 participants aged between 24 and 88 years (mean age 56.24 years, ±12.92).
RESULTS: The HSAQ had high Cronbach's alpha and intraclass correlation coefficients and showed construct, concurrent and discriminant validity. Its screening characteristics proved very good or excellent, depending on the definition of hearing loss. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed excellent accuracy of the HSAQ in the identification of better-ear high-frequency hearing loss and better-ear speech-frequency hearing loss, with respect to different cut-off points.
CONCLUSIONS: Given the ease with which it is administered and its good screening properties, the HSAQ can be useful in deciding whether adult clients should be referred to audiological evaluation due to reasonable suspicion of hypoacusis.
PMID: 28749193 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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Πέμπτη 27 Ιουλίου 2017
Electrophysiological Evidence for the Sources of the Masking Level Difference
Purpose
The purpose of this review article is to review evidence from auditory evoked potential studies to describe the contributions of the auditory brainstem and cortex to the generation of the masking level difference (MLD).
Method
A literature review was performed, focusing on the auditory brainstem, middle, and late latency responses used in protocols similar to those used to generate the behavioral MLD.
Results
Temporal coding of the signals necessary for generating the MLD occurs in the auditory periphery and brainstem. Brainstem disorders up to wave III of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) can disrupt the MLD. The full MLD requires input to the generators of the auditory late latency potentials to produce all characteristics of the MLD; these characteristics include threshold differences for various binaural signal and noise conditions. Studies using central auditory lesions are beginning to identify the cortical effects on the MLD.
Conclusions
The MLD requires auditory processing from the periphery to cortical areas. A healthy auditory periphery and brainstem codes temporal synchrony, which is essential for the ABR. Threshold differences require engaging cortical function beyond the primary auditory cortex. More studies using cortical lesions and evoked potentials or imaging should clarify the specific cortical areas involved in the MLD.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2uD5Qhs
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Influences of Phonological Context on Tense Marking in Spanish–English Dual Language Learners
Purpose
The emergence of tense-morpheme marking during language acquisition is highly variable, which confounds the use of tense marking as a diagnostic indicator of language impairment in linguistically diverse populations. In this study, we seek to better understand tense-marking patterns in young bilingual children by comparing phonological influences on marking of 2 word-final tense morphemes.
Method
In spontaneous connected speech samples from 10 Spanish–English dual language learners aged 56–66 months (M = 61.7, SD = 3.4), we examined marking rates of past tense -ed and third person singular -s morphemes in different environments, using multiple measures of phonological context.
Results
Both morphemes were found to exhibit notably contrastive marking patterns in some contexts. Each was most sensitive to a different combination of phonological influences in the verb stem and the following word.
Conclusions
These findings extend existing evidence from monolingual speakers for the influence of word-final phonological context on morpheme production to a bilingual population. Further, novel findings not yet attested in previous research support an expanded consideration of phonological context in clinical decision making and future research related to word-final morphology.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2vNKpIW
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Electrophysiological Evidence for the Sources of the Masking Level Difference
Purpose
The purpose of this review article is to review evidence from auditory evoked potential studies to describe the contributions of the auditory brainstem and cortex to the generation of the masking level difference (MLD).
Method
A literature review was performed, focusing on the auditory brainstem, middle, and late latency responses used in protocols similar to those used to generate the behavioral MLD.
Results
Temporal coding of the signals necessary for generating the MLD occurs in the auditory periphery and brainstem. Brainstem disorders up to wave III of the auditory brainstem response (ABR) can disrupt the MLD. The full MLD requires input to the generators of the auditory late latency potentials to produce all characteristics of the MLD; these characteristics include threshold differences for various binaural signal and noise conditions. Studies using central auditory lesions are beginning to identify the cortical effects on the MLD.
Conclusions
The MLD requires auditory processing from the periphery to cortical areas. A healthy auditory periphery and brainstem codes temporal synchrony, which is essential for the ABR. Threshold differences require engaging cortical function beyond the primary auditory cortex. More studies using cortical lesions and evoked potentials or imaging should clarify the specific cortical areas involved in the MLD.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/2uD5Qhs
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