Functional separator for Li/S batteries based on boron-doped graphene and activated carbon

Abstract

Lithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries have received great attention due to their high theoretical energy density, but the "shuttle effect" of polysulfides restricts the further development of Li/S batteries. The construction of modified functional separator is an effective strategy to obstruct the diffusion of polysulfides. We report boron-doped graphene and activated carbon (B-G/AC)–modified functional separator for Li/S batteries. The B-G/AC composites are obtained via a one-step hydrothermal method and used as a functional layer to modify the battery separator. The B-G with highly porous three-dimensional (3D) network structure exhibits good electrical conductivity, and rich porous structure AC increases the specific surface area of the B-G/AC composite. The carbon coating layer can act as the second collector, utilizing the inactivated sulfur that is freed in the electrolyte. The modified separator can facilitate the polysulfide dissolution and migration towards the anode. The B-G/AC samples exhibit excellent electrochemical performances. The B-G/AC samples maintain a higher capacity of 1062 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 0.1 C than a routine separator (709 mA h g⁻¹ after 100 cycles at 0.1 C). Diffusion experiments of polysulfides in U-shaped bottles also proved importance of B-G/AC as a separator. In addition, the B-G/AC samples also exhibit excellent cycling stability over 300 cycles, delivering a discharge capacity of 534 mA h g⁻¹ when the current is 1 C. The present study confirms that separator modification is an effective technique that leads to good electrochemical performance.

Graphical abstract

Long-term cyclic performance of Li/S batteries with different separators at 1 C and photograph of polysulfide diffusion process across with B-G/AC separator.

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