Objectives: The purpose of this study was to improve bimodal benefit in listeners using a cochlear implant (CI) and a hearing aid (HA) in contralateral ears, by matching the time constants and the number of compression channels of the automatic gain control (AGC) of the HA to the CI. Equivalent AGC was hypothesized to support a balanced loudness for dynamically changing signals like speech and improve bimodal benefit for speech understanding in quiet and with noise presented from the side(s) at 90 degree. Design: Fifteen subjects participated in the study, all using the same Advanced Bionics Harmony CI processor and HA (Phonak Naida S IX UP). In a 3-visit crossover design with 4 weeks between sessions, performance was measured using a HA with a standard AGC (syllabic multichannel compression with 1 ms attack time and 50 ms release time) or an AGC that was adjusted to match that of the CI processor (dual AGC broadband compression, 3 and 240 msec attack time, 80 and 1500 msec release time). In all devices, the AGC was activated above the threshold of 63 dB SPL. The authors balanced loudness across the devices for soft and loud input sounds in 3 frequency bands (0 to 548, 548 to 1000, and >1000 Hz). Speech understanding was tested in free field in quiet and in noise for three spatial speaker configurations, with target speech always presented from the front. Single-talker noise was either presented from the CI side or the HA side, or uncorrelated stationary speech-weighted noise or single-talker noise was presented from both sides. Questionnaires were administered to assess differences in perception between the two bimodal fittings. Results: Significant bimodal benefit over the CI alone was only found for the AGC-matched HA for the speech tests with single-talker noise. Compared with the standard HA, matched AGC characteristics significantly improved speech understanding in single-talker noise by 1.9 dB when noise was presented from the HA side. AGC matching increased bimodal benefit insignificantly by 0.6 dB when noise was presented from the CI implanted side, or by 0.8 (single-talker noise) and 1.1 dB (stationary noise) in the more complex configurations with two simultaneous maskers from both sides. In questionnaires, subjects rated the AGC-matched HA higher than the standard HA for understanding of one person in quiet and in noise, and for the quality of sounds. Listening to a slightly raised voice, subjects indicated increased listening comfort with matched AGCs. At the end of the study, 9 of 15 subjects preferred to take home the AGC-matched HA, 1 preferred the standard HA and 5 subjects had no preference. Conclusion: For bimodal listening, the AGC-matched HA outperformed the standard HA in speech understanding in noise tasks using a single competing talker and it was favored in questionnaires and in a subjective preference test. When noise was presented from the HA side, AGC matching resulted in a 1.9 dB SNR additional benefit, even though the HA was at the least favorable SNR side in this speaker configuration. Our results possibly suggest better binaural processing for matched AGCs. Copyright (C) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1NSSvAu
via IFTTT
Παρασκευή 11 Δεκεμβρίου 2015
Interleaved Processors Improve Cochlear Implant Patients' Spectral Resolution.
Objective: Cochlear implant patients have difficulty in noisy environments, in part, because of channel interaction. Interleaving the signal by sending every other channel to the opposite ear has the potential to reduce channel interaction by increasing the space between channels in each ear. Interleaving still potentially provides the same amount of spectral information when the two ears are combined. Although this method has been successful in other populations such as hearing aid users, interleaving with cochlear implant patients has not yielded consistent benefits. This may be because perceptual misalignment between the two ears, and the spacing between stimulation locations must be taken into account before interleaving. Design: Eight bilateral cochlear implant users were tested. After perceptually aligning the two ears, 12-channel maps were made that spanned the entire aligned portions of the array. Interleaved maps were created by removing every other channel from each ear. Participants' spectral resolution and localization abilities were measured with perceptually aligned processing strategies both with and without interleaving. Results: There was a significant improvement in spectral resolution with interleaving. However, there was no significant effect of interleaving on localization abilities. Conclusions: The results indicate that interleaving can improve cochlear implant users' spectral resolution. However, it may be necessary to perceptually align the two ears and/or use relatively large spacing between stimulation locations. Copyright (C) 2015 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1ReHUqi
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1ReHUqi
via IFTTT
Using a radial ultrasound probe's virtual origin to compute midsagittal smoothing splines in polar coordinates
Tongue surface measurements from midsagittal ultrasound scans are effectively arcs with deviations representing tongue shape, but smoothing-spline analysis of variances (SSANOVAs) assume variance around a horizontal line. Therefore, calculating SSANOVA average curves of tongue traces in Cartesian Coordinates [Davidson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120(1), 407–415 (2006)] creates errors that are compounded at tongue tip and root where average tongue shape deviates most from a horizontal line. This paper introduces a method for transforming data into polar coordinates similar to the technique by Mielke [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137(5), 2858–2869 (2015)], but using the virtual origin of a radial ultrasound transducer as the polar origin—allowing data conversion in a manner that is robust against between-subject and between-session variability.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z3p46R
via IFTTT
No Association Between Time of Onset of Hearing Loss (Childhood Versus Adulthood) and Self-Reported Hearing Handicap in Adults
Purpose
This study examined the association between time of onset of hearing loss (childhood vs. adulthood) and self-reported hearing handicap in adults.
Methods
This is a population-based cohort study of 2,024 adults (mean = 48 years) with hearing loss (binaural pure-tone average 0.5–4 kHz ≥ 20 dB HL) who completed a hearing handicap questionnaire. In childhood, the same persons (N = 2,024) underwent audiometry in a school investigation (at ages 7, 10, and 13 years), in which 129 were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss (binaural pure-tone average 0.5–4 kHz ≥ 20 dB HL), whereas 1,895 had normal hearing thresholds.
Results
Hearing handicap was measured in adulthood as the sum-score of various speech perception and social impairment items (15 items). The sum-score increased with adult hearing threshold level (p n = 129) and the group with adult-onset hearing loss (n = 1,895; p = .882).
Conclusion
Self-reported hearing handicap in adults increased with hearing threshold level. After adjustment for adult hearing threshold level, this cohort study revealed no significant association between time of onset of hearing loss (childhood vs. adulthood) and self-reported hearing handicap.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/21VfQvR
via IFTTT
Service Learning in Undergraduate Audiology Education
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to incorporate a service learning project in an undergraduate audiology course and evaluate how it affected student learning in the class.
Method
The study involved partnering with a group of students enrolled in a band learning community. Students in the audiology course learned about hearing assessment procedures in class and practiced the procedures on each other in labs. Toward the end of the semester, they assessed the hearing of the band students and provided counseling regarding the importance of hearing protection. Qualitative data were obtained in the form of preflections and final reflection papers completed by the students in the audiology course at the start and conclusion of the semester. Quantitative data included completion of the Community Service Attitudes Scale (CSAS; Shiarella, McCarthy, & Tucker, 2000) prior to and at the conclusion of the course.
Results
Results revealed overwhelmingly positive comments from the students in their final reflections, although there were no significant changes in the pre- and post-administration of the CSAS.
Conclusion
Incorporating service learning projects into undergraduate curricula in speech and hearing has the potential to enhance academic and civic learning while also benefitting the community.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SSp31Y
via IFTTT
No Association Between Time of Onset of Hearing Loss (Childhood Versus Adulthood) and Self-Reported Hearing Handicap in Adults
Purpose
This study examined the association between time of onset of hearing loss (childhood vs. adulthood) and self-reported hearing handicap in adults.
Methods
This is a population-based cohort study of 2,024 adults (mean = 48 years) with hearing loss (binaural pure-tone average 0.5–4 kHz ≥ 20 dB HL) who completed a hearing handicap questionnaire. In childhood, the same persons (N = 2,024) underwent audiometry in a school investigation (at ages 7, 10, and 13 years), in which 129 were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss (binaural pure-tone average 0.5–4 kHz ≥ 20 dB HL), whereas 1,895 had normal hearing thresholds.
Results
Hearing handicap was measured in adulthood as the sum-score of various speech perception and social impairment items (15 items). The sum-score increased with adult hearing threshold level (p n = 129) and the group with adult-onset hearing loss (n = 1,895; p = .882).
Conclusion
Self-reported hearing handicap in adults increased with hearing threshold level. After adjustment for adult hearing threshold level, this cohort study revealed no significant association between time of onset of hearing loss (childhood vs. adulthood) and self-reported hearing handicap.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/21VfQvR
via IFTTT
Service Learning in Undergraduate Audiology Education
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to incorporate a service learning project in an undergraduate audiology course and evaluate how it affected student learning in the class.
Method
The study involved partnering with a group of students enrolled in a band learning community. Students in the audiology course learned about hearing assessment procedures in class and practiced the procedures on each other in labs. Toward the end of the semester, they assessed the hearing of the band students and provided counseling regarding the importance of hearing protection. Qualitative data were obtained in the form of preflections and final reflection papers completed by the students in the audiology course at the start and conclusion of the semester. Quantitative data included completion of the Community Service Attitudes Scale (CSAS; Shiarella, McCarthy, & Tucker, 2000) prior to and at the conclusion of the course.
Results
Results revealed overwhelmingly positive comments from the students in their final reflections, although there were no significant changes in the pre- and post-administration of the CSAS.
Conclusion
Incorporating service learning projects into undergraduate curricula in speech and hearing has the potential to enhance academic and civic learning while also benefitting the community.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SSp31Y
via IFTTT
No Association Between Time of Onset of Hearing Loss (Childhood Versus Adulthood) and Self-Reported Hearing Handicap in Adults
Purpose
This study examined the association between time of onset of hearing loss (childhood vs. adulthood) and self-reported hearing handicap in adults.
Methods
This is a population-based cohort study of 2,024 adults (mean = 48 years) with hearing loss (binaural pure-tone average 0.5–4 kHz ≥ 20 dB HL) who completed a hearing handicap questionnaire. In childhood, the same persons (N = 2,024) underwent audiometry in a school investigation (at ages 7, 10, and 13 years), in which 129 were diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss (binaural pure-tone average 0.5–4 kHz ≥ 20 dB HL), whereas 1,895 had normal hearing thresholds.
Results
Hearing handicap was measured in adulthood as the sum-score of various speech perception and social impairment items (15 items). The sum-score increased with adult hearing threshold level (p n = 129) and the group with adult-onset hearing loss (n = 1,895; p = .882).
Conclusion
Self-reported hearing handicap in adults increased with hearing threshold level. After adjustment for adult hearing threshold level, this cohort study revealed no significant association between time of onset of hearing loss (childhood vs. adulthood) and self-reported hearing handicap.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/21VfQvR
via IFTTT
Service Learning in Undergraduate Audiology Education
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to incorporate a service learning project in an undergraduate audiology course and evaluate how it affected student learning in the class.
Method
The study involved partnering with a group of students enrolled in a band learning community. Students in the audiology course learned about hearing assessment procedures in class and practiced the procedures on each other in labs. Toward the end of the semester, they assessed the hearing of the band students and provided counseling regarding the importance of hearing protection. Qualitative data were obtained in the form of preflections and final reflection papers completed by the students in the audiology course at the start and conclusion of the semester. Quantitative data included completion of the Community Service Attitudes Scale (CSAS; Shiarella, McCarthy, & Tucker, 2000) prior to and at the conclusion of the course.
Results
Results revealed overwhelmingly positive comments from the students in their final reflections, although there were no significant changes in the pre- and post-administration of the CSAS.
Conclusion
Incorporating service learning projects into undergraduate curricula in speech and hearing has the potential to enhance academic and civic learning while also benefitting the community.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1SSp31Y
via IFTTT
Variability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Speech Intelligibility Scores in Children
Purpose
We examined variability of speech intelligibility scores and how well intelligibility scores predicted group membership among 5-year-old children with speech motor impairment (SMI) secondary to cerebral palsy and an age-matched group of typically developing (TD) children.
Method
Speech samples varying in length from 1–4 words were elicited from 24 children with cerebral palsy (mean age 60.50 months) and 20 TD children (mean age 60.33 months). Two hundred twenty adult listeners made orthographic transcriptions of speech samples (n = 5 per child).
Results
Variability associated with listeners made a significant contribution to explaining the variance in intelligibility scores for TD and SMI children, but the magnitude was greater for TD children. Intelligibility scores differentiated very well between children who have SMI and TD children when intelligibility was at or below approximately 75% and above approximately 85%.
Conclusions
Intelligibility seems to be a useful clinical tool for differentiating between TD children and children with SMI at 5 years of age; however, there is considerable variability within and between listeners, highlighting the need for more than one listener per child to ensure validity of an intelligibility measure.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UdaJ52
via IFTTT
Exploring Expressive Vocabulary Variability in Two-Year-Olds: The Role of Working Memory
Purpose
This study explored whether measures of working memory ability contribute to the wide variation in 2-year-olds' expressive vocabulary skills.
Method
Seventy-nine children (aged 24–30 months) were assessed by using standardized tests of vocabulary and visual cognition, a processing speed measure, and behavioral measures of verbal working memory and phonological short-term memory.
Results
Strong correlations were observed between phonological short-term memory, verbal working memory, and expressive vocabulary. Speed of spoken word recognition showed a moderate significant correlation with expressive vocabulary. In a multivariate regression model for expressive vocabulary, the most powerful predictor was a measure of phonological short-term memory (accounting for 66% unique variance), followed by verbal working memory (6%), sex (2%), and age (1%). Processing speed did not add significant unique variance.
Conclusions
These findings confirm previous research positing a strong role for phonological short-term memory in early expressive vocabulary acquisition. They also extend previous research in two ways. First, a unique association between verbal working memory and expressive vocabulary in 2-year-olds was observed. Second, processing speed was not a unique predictor of variance in expressive vocabulary when included alongside measures of working memory.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IJUyuB
via IFTTT
The Relationship Between Submental Surface Electromyography and Hyo-Laryngeal Kinematic Measures of Mendelsohn Maneuver Duration
Purpose
The Mendelsohn Maneuver (MM) is a commonly prescribed technique that is taught to individuals with dysphagia to improve swallowing ability. Due to cost and safety concerns associated with videofluoroscopy (VFS) use, submental surface electromyography (ssEMG) is commonly used in place of VFS to train the MM in clinical and research settings. However, it is unknown whether ssEMG accurately reflects the prolonged hyo-laryngeal movements required for execution of the MM. The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship among ssEMG duration, duration of laryngeal vestibule closure, and duration of maximum hyoid elevation during MM performance.
Method
Participants included healthy adults and patients with dysphagia due to stroke. All performed the MM during synchronous ssEMG and VFS recording.
Results
Significant correlations between ssEMG duration and VFS measures of hyo-laryngeal kinematic durations during MM performance ranged from very weak to moderate. None of the correlations in the group of stroke patients reached statistical significance.
Conclusion
Clinicians and researchers should consider that the MM involves novel hyo-laryngeal kinematics that may be only moderately represented with ssEMG. Thus, there is a risk that these target therapeutic movements are not consistently being trained.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UdaJ4W
via IFTTT
Responses to Intensity-Shifted Auditory Feedback During Running Speech
Purpose
Responses to intensity perturbation during running speech were measured to understand whether prosodic features are controlled in an independent or integrated manner.
Method
Nineteen English-speaking healthy adults (age range = 21–41 years) produced 480 sentences in which emphatic stress was placed on either the 1st or 2nd word. One participant group received an upward intensity perturbation during stressed word production, and the other group received a downward intensity perturbation. Compensations for perturbation were evaluated by comparing differences in participants' stressed and unstressed peak fundamental frequency (F0), peak intensity, and word duration during perturbed versus baseline trials.
Results
Significant increases in stressed–unstressed peak intensities were observed during the ramp and perturbation phases of the experiment in the downward group only. Compensations for F0 and duration did not reach significance for either group.
Conclusions
Consistent with previous work, speakers appear sensitive to auditory perturbations that affect a desired linguistic goal. In contrast to previous work on F0 perturbation that supported an integrated-channel model of prosodic control, the current work only found evidence for intensity-specific compensation. This discrepancy may suggest different F0 and intensity control mechanisms, threshold-dependent prosodic modulation, or a combined control scheme.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IJUyux
via IFTTT
Implementation Science: Buzzword or Game Changer?
Purpose
The purpose of this supplement article is to provide a resource of pertinent information concerning implementation science for immediate research application in communication sciences and disorders.
Method
Key terminology related to implementation science is reviewed. Practical suggestions for the application of implementation science theories and methodologies are provided, including an overview of hybrid research designs that simultaneously investigate clinical effectiveness and implementation as well as an introduction to approaches for engaging stakeholders in the research process. A detailed example from education is shared to show how implementation science was utilized to move an intervention program for autism into routine practice in the public school system. In particular, the example highlights the value of strong partnership among researchers, policy makers, and frontline practitioners in implementing and sustaining new evidence-based practices.
Conclusions
Implementation science is not just a buzzword. This is a new field of study that can make a substantive contribution in communication sciences and disorders by informing research agendas, reducing health and education disparities, improving accountability and quality control, increasing clinician satisfaction and competence, and improving client outcomes.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Udaozj
via IFTTT
Variability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Speech Intelligibility Scores in Children
Purpose
We examined variability of speech intelligibility scores and how well intelligibility scores predicted group membership among 5-year-old children with speech motor impairment (SMI) secondary to cerebral palsy and an age-matched group of typically developing (TD) children.
Method
Speech samples varying in length from 1–4 words were elicited from 24 children with cerebral palsy (mean age 60.50 months) and 20 TD children (mean age 60.33 months). Two hundred twenty adult listeners made orthographic transcriptions of speech samples (n = 5 per child).
Results
Variability associated with listeners made a significant contribution to explaining the variance in intelligibility scores for TD and SMI children, but the magnitude was greater for TD children. Intelligibility scores differentiated very well between children who have SMI and TD children when intelligibility was at or below approximately 75% and above approximately 85%.
Conclusions
Intelligibility seems to be a useful clinical tool for differentiating between TD children and children with SMI at 5 years of age; however, there is considerable variability within and between listeners, highlighting the need for more than one listener per child to ensure validity of an intelligibility measure.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UdaJ52
via IFTTT
Exploring Expressive Vocabulary Variability in Two-Year-Olds: The Role of Working Memory
Purpose
This study explored whether measures of working memory ability contribute to the wide variation in 2-year-olds' expressive vocabulary skills.
Method
Seventy-nine children (aged 24–30 months) were assessed by using standardized tests of vocabulary and visual cognition, a processing speed measure, and behavioral measures of verbal working memory and phonological short-term memory.
Results
Strong correlations were observed between phonological short-term memory, verbal working memory, and expressive vocabulary. Speed of spoken word recognition showed a moderate significant correlation with expressive vocabulary. In a multivariate regression model for expressive vocabulary, the most powerful predictor was a measure of phonological short-term memory (accounting for 66% unique variance), followed by verbal working memory (6%), sex (2%), and age (1%). Processing speed did not add significant unique variance.
Conclusions
These findings confirm previous research positing a strong role for phonological short-term memory in early expressive vocabulary acquisition. They also extend previous research in two ways. First, a unique association between verbal working memory and expressive vocabulary in 2-year-olds was observed. Second, processing speed was not a unique predictor of variance in expressive vocabulary when included alongside measures of working memory.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IJUyuB
via IFTTT
The Relationship Between Submental Surface Electromyography and Hyo-Laryngeal Kinematic Measures of Mendelsohn Maneuver Duration
Purpose
The Mendelsohn Maneuver (MM) is a commonly prescribed technique that is taught to individuals with dysphagia to improve swallowing ability. Due to cost and safety concerns associated with videofluoroscopy (VFS) use, submental surface electromyography (ssEMG) is commonly used in place of VFS to train the MM in clinical and research settings. However, it is unknown whether ssEMG accurately reflects the prolonged hyo-laryngeal movements required for execution of the MM. The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship among ssEMG duration, duration of laryngeal vestibule closure, and duration of maximum hyoid elevation during MM performance.
Method
Participants included healthy adults and patients with dysphagia due to stroke. All performed the MM during synchronous ssEMG and VFS recording.
Results
Significant correlations between ssEMG duration and VFS measures of hyo-laryngeal kinematic durations during MM performance ranged from very weak to moderate. None of the correlations in the group of stroke patients reached statistical significance.
Conclusion
Clinicians and researchers should consider that the MM involves novel hyo-laryngeal kinematics that may be only moderately represented with ssEMG. Thus, there is a risk that these target therapeutic movements are not consistently being trained.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UdaJ4W
via IFTTT
Responses to Intensity-Shifted Auditory Feedback During Running Speech
Purpose
Responses to intensity perturbation during running speech were measured to understand whether prosodic features are controlled in an independent or integrated manner.
Method
Nineteen English-speaking healthy adults (age range = 21–41 years) produced 480 sentences in which emphatic stress was placed on either the 1st or 2nd word. One participant group received an upward intensity perturbation during stressed word production, and the other group received a downward intensity perturbation. Compensations for perturbation were evaluated by comparing differences in participants' stressed and unstressed peak fundamental frequency (F0), peak intensity, and word duration during perturbed versus baseline trials.
Results
Significant increases in stressed–unstressed peak intensities were observed during the ramp and perturbation phases of the experiment in the downward group only. Compensations for F0 and duration did not reach significance for either group.
Conclusions
Consistent with previous work, speakers appear sensitive to auditory perturbations that affect a desired linguistic goal. In contrast to previous work on F0 perturbation that supported an integrated-channel model of prosodic control, the current work only found evidence for intensity-specific compensation. This discrepancy may suggest different F0 and intensity control mechanisms, threshold-dependent prosodic modulation, or a combined control scheme.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IJUyux
via IFTTT
Implementation Science: Buzzword or Game Changer?
Purpose
The purpose of this supplement article is to provide a resource of pertinent information concerning implementation science for immediate research application in communication sciences and disorders.
Method
Key terminology related to implementation science is reviewed. Practical suggestions for the application of implementation science theories and methodologies are provided, including an overview of hybrid research designs that simultaneously investigate clinical effectiveness and implementation as well as an introduction to approaches for engaging stakeholders in the research process. A detailed example from education is shared to show how implementation science was utilized to move an intervention program for autism into routine practice in the public school system. In particular, the example highlights the value of strong partnership among researchers, policy makers, and frontline practitioners in implementing and sustaining new evidence-based practices.
Conclusions
Implementation science is not just a buzzword. This is a new field of study that can make a substantive contribution in communication sciences and disorders by informing research agendas, reducing health and education disparities, improving accountability and quality control, increasing clinician satisfaction and competence, and improving client outcomes.from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Udaozj
via IFTTT
Variability and Diagnostic Accuracy of Speech Intelligibility Scores in Children
Purpose
We examined variability of speech intelligibility scores and how well intelligibility scores predicted group membership among 5-year-old children with speech motor impairment (SMI) secondary to cerebral palsy and an age-matched group of typically developing (TD) children.
Method
Speech samples varying in length from 1–4 words were elicited from 24 children with cerebral palsy (mean age 60.50 months) and 20 TD children (mean age 60.33 months). Two hundred twenty adult listeners made orthographic transcriptions of speech samples (n = 5 per child).
Results
Variability associated with listeners made a significant contribution to explaining the variance in intelligibility scores for TD and SMI children, but the magnitude was greater for TD children. Intelligibility scores differentiated very well between children who have SMI and TD children when intelligibility was at or below approximately 75% and above approximately 85%.
Conclusions
Intelligibility seems to be a useful clinical tool for differentiating between TD children and children with SMI at 5 years of age; however, there is considerable variability within and between listeners, highlighting the need for more than one listener per child to ensure validity of an intelligibility measure.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UdaJ52
via IFTTT
Exploring Expressive Vocabulary Variability in Two-Year-Olds: The Role of Working Memory
Purpose
This study explored whether measures of working memory ability contribute to the wide variation in 2-year-olds' expressive vocabulary skills.
Method
Seventy-nine children (aged 24–30 months) were assessed by using standardized tests of vocabulary and visual cognition, a processing speed measure, and behavioral measures of verbal working memory and phonological short-term memory.
Results
Strong correlations were observed between phonological short-term memory, verbal working memory, and expressive vocabulary. Speed of spoken word recognition showed a moderate significant correlation with expressive vocabulary. In a multivariate regression model for expressive vocabulary, the most powerful predictor was a measure of phonological short-term memory (accounting for 66% unique variance), followed by verbal working memory (6%), sex (2%), and age (1%). Processing speed did not add significant unique variance.
Conclusions
These findings confirm previous research positing a strong role for phonological short-term memory in early expressive vocabulary acquisition. They also extend previous research in two ways. First, a unique association between verbal working memory and expressive vocabulary in 2-year-olds was observed. Second, processing speed was not a unique predictor of variance in expressive vocabulary when included alongside measures of working memory.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IJUyuB
via IFTTT
The Relationship Between Submental Surface Electromyography and Hyo-Laryngeal Kinematic Measures of Mendelsohn Maneuver Duration
Purpose
The Mendelsohn Maneuver (MM) is a commonly prescribed technique that is taught to individuals with dysphagia to improve swallowing ability. Due to cost and safety concerns associated with videofluoroscopy (VFS) use, submental surface electromyography (ssEMG) is commonly used in place of VFS to train the MM in clinical and research settings. However, it is unknown whether ssEMG accurately reflects the prolonged hyo-laryngeal movements required for execution of the MM. The primary goal of this study was to examine the relationship among ssEMG duration, duration of laryngeal vestibule closure, and duration of maximum hyoid elevation during MM performance.
Method
Participants included healthy adults and patients with dysphagia due to stroke. All performed the MM during synchronous ssEMG and VFS recording.
Results
Significant correlations between ssEMG duration and VFS measures of hyo-laryngeal kinematic durations during MM performance ranged from very weak to moderate. None of the correlations in the group of stroke patients reached statistical significance.
Conclusion
Clinicians and researchers should consider that the MM involves novel hyo-laryngeal kinematics that may be only moderately represented with ssEMG. Thus, there is a risk that these target therapeutic movements are not consistently being trained.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UdaJ4W
via IFTTT
Responses to Intensity-Shifted Auditory Feedback During Running Speech
Purpose
Responses to intensity perturbation during running speech were measured to understand whether prosodic features are controlled in an independent or integrated manner.
Method
Nineteen English-speaking healthy adults (age range = 21–41 years) produced 480 sentences in which emphatic stress was placed on either the 1st or 2nd word. One participant group received an upward intensity perturbation during stressed word production, and the other group received a downward intensity perturbation. Compensations for perturbation were evaluated by comparing differences in participants' stressed and unstressed peak fundamental frequency (F0), peak intensity, and word duration during perturbed versus baseline trials.
Results
Significant increases in stressed–unstressed peak intensities were observed during the ramp and perturbation phases of the experiment in the downward group only. Compensations for F0 and duration did not reach significance for either group.
Conclusions
Consistent with previous work, speakers appear sensitive to auditory perturbations that affect a desired linguistic goal. In contrast to previous work on F0 perturbation that supported an integrated-channel model of prosodic control, the current work only found evidence for intensity-specific compensation. This discrepancy may suggest different F0 and intensity control mechanisms, threshold-dependent prosodic modulation, or a combined control scheme.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IJUyux
via IFTTT
Implementation Science: Buzzword or Game Changer?
Purpose
The purpose of this supplement article is to provide a resource of pertinent information concerning implementation science for immediate research application in communication sciences and disorders.
Method
Key terminology related to implementation science is reviewed. Practical suggestions for the application of implementation science theories and methodologies are provided, including an overview of hybrid research designs that simultaneously investigate clinical effectiveness and implementation as well as an introduction to approaches for engaging stakeholders in the research process. A detailed example from education is shared to show how implementation science was utilized to move an intervention program for autism into routine practice in the public school system. In particular, the example highlights the value of strong partnership among researchers, policy makers, and frontline practitioners in implementing and sustaining new evidence-based practices.
Conclusions
Implementation science is not just a buzzword. This is a new field of study that can make a substantive contribution in communication sciences and disorders by informing research agendas, reducing health and education disparities, improving accountability and quality control, increasing clinician satisfaction and competence, and improving client outcomes.from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Udaozj
via IFTTT
The role of periodicity in perceiving speech in quiet and in background noise
The ability of normal-hearing listeners to perceive sentences in quiet and in background noise was investigated in a variety of conditions mixing the presence and absence of periodicity (i.e., voicing) in both target and masker. Experiment 1 showed that in quiet, aperiodic noise-vocoded speech and speech with a natural amount of periodicity were equally intelligible, while fully periodic speech was much harder to understand. In Experiments 2 and 3, speech reception thresholds for these targets were measured in the presence of four different maskers: speech-shaped noise, harmonic complexes with a dynamically varying F0 contour, and 10 Hz amplitude-modulated versions of both. For experiment 2, results of experiment 1 were used to identify conditions with equal intelligibility in quiet, while in experiment 3 target intelligibility in quiet was near ceiling. In the presence of a masker, periodicity in the target speech mattered little, but listeners strongly benefited from periodicity in the masker. Substantial fluctuating-masker benefits required the target speech to be almost perfectly intelligible in quiet. In summary, results suggest that the ability to exploit periodicity cues may be an even more important factor when attempting to understand speech embedded in noise than the ability to benefit from masker fluctuations.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IJUA5F
via IFTTT
Testing and verification of a scale-model acoustic propagation system
This paper discusses the design and operation of a measurement apparatus used to conduct scale-model underwater acoustic propagation experiments, presents experimental results for an idealized waveguide, and compares the measured results to data generated by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the capability of the apparatus for a simple waveguide that primarily exhibits 2D acoustic propagation. The apparatus contains a computer-controlled positioning system that accurately moves a receiving transducer in the water layer above a scale-model bathymetry while a stationary source transducer emits broadband pulsed waveforms. Experimental results are shown for a 2.133 m × 1.219 m bathymetric part possessing a flat-bottom bathymetry with a translationally invariant wedge of 10° slope along one edge. Beamformed results from a synthetic horizontal line array indicate the presence of strong in-plane arrivals along with weaker diffracted and horizontally refracted arrivals. A simulated annealing inversion method is applied to infer values for five waveguide parameters with the largest measurement uncertainty. The inferred values are then used in a 2D method of images model and a 3D adiabatic normal-mode model to simulate the measured acoustic data.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UdaFSK
via IFTTT
Using a radial ultrasound probe's virtual origin to compute midsagittal smoothing splines in polar coordinates
Tongue surface measurements from midsagittal ultrasound scans are effectively arcs with deviations representing tongue shape, but smoothing-spline analysis of variances (SSANOVAs) assume variance around a horizontal line. Therefore, calculating SSANOVA average curves of tongue traces in Cartesian Coordinates [Davidson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120(1), 407–415 (2006)] creates errors that are compounded at tongue tip and root where average tongue shape deviates most from a horizontal line. This paper introduces a method for transforming data into polar coordinates similar to the technique by Mielke [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137(5), 2858–2869 (2015)], but using the virtual origin of a radial ultrasound transducer as the polar origin—allowing data conversion in a manner that is robust against between-subject and between-session variability.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z3p46R
via IFTTT
The role of periodicity in perceiving speech in quiet and in background noise
The ability of normal-hearing listeners to perceive sentences in quiet and in background noise was investigated in a variety of conditions mixing the presence and absence of periodicity (i.e., voicing) in both target and masker. Experiment 1 showed that in quiet, aperiodic noise-vocoded speech and speech with a natural amount of periodicity were equally intelligible, while fully periodic speech was much harder to understand. In Experiments 2 and 3, speech reception thresholds for these targets were measured in the presence of four different maskers: speech-shaped noise, harmonic complexes with a dynamically varying F0 contour, and 10 Hz amplitude-modulated versions of both. For experiment 2, results of experiment 1 were used to identify conditions with equal intelligibility in quiet, while in experiment 3 target intelligibility in quiet was near ceiling. In the presence of a masker, periodicity in the target speech mattered little, but listeners strongly benefited from periodicity in the masker. Substantial fluctuating-masker benefits required the target speech to be almost perfectly intelligible in quiet. In summary, results suggest that the ability to exploit periodicity cues may be an even more important factor when attempting to understand speech embedded in noise than the ability to benefit from masker fluctuations.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1IJUA5F
via IFTTT
Testing and verification of a scale-model acoustic propagation system
This paper discusses the design and operation of a measurement apparatus used to conduct scale-model underwater acoustic propagation experiments, presents experimental results for an idealized waveguide, and compares the measured results to data generated by two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) numerical models. The main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the capability of the apparatus for a simple waveguide that primarily exhibits 2D acoustic propagation. The apparatus contains a computer-controlled positioning system that accurately moves a receiving transducer in the water layer above a scale-model bathymetry while a stationary source transducer emits broadband pulsed waveforms. Experimental results are shown for a 2.133 m × 1.219 m bathymetric part possessing a flat-bottom bathymetry with a translationally invariant wedge of 10° slope along one edge. Beamformed results from a synthetic horizontal line array indicate the presence of strong in-plane arrivals along with weaker diffracted and horizontally refracted arrivals. A simulated annealing inversion method is applied to infer values for five waveguide parameters with the largest measurement uncertainty. The inferred values are then used in a 2D method of images model and a 3D adiabatic normal-mode model to simulate the measured acoustic data.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1UdaFSK
via IFTTT
Using a radial ultrasound probe's virtual origin to compute midsagittal smoothing splines in polar coordinates
Tongue surface measurements from midsagittal ultrasound scans are effectively arcs with deviations representing tongue shape, but smoothing-spline analysis of variances (SSANOVAs) assume variance around a horizontal line. Therefore, calculating SSANOVA average curves of tongue traces in Cartesian Coordinates [Davidson, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 120(1), 407–415 (2006)] creates errors that are compounded at tongue tip and root where average tongue shape deviates most from a horizontal line. This paper introduces a method for transforming data into polar coordinates similar to the technique by Mielke [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 137(5), 2858–2869 (2015)], but using the virtual origin of a radial ultrasound transducer as the polar origin—allowing data conversion in a manner that is robust against between-subject and between-session variability.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z3p46R
via IFTTT
Results of the first universal newborn hearing screening in Algeria
Farid Boudjenah, Mokhtar Hasbellaoui, Omar Zemirli
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):54-58
Introduction Hearing loss is the most common congenital pathology at birth. Its prevalence increases during the infant period, especially in children at risk. The application of hearing screening in three stages with follow-up of children at risk of developing hearing loss allows to optimize the screening. Goals The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss in the neonatal population and identify newborns at risk and to investigate the best way to support infants with such disability from screening to rehabilitation. Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted over a period of 22 months from June 2011 to March 2013, using a systematic screening for deafness in a high-birth-level maternity unit. Results Over a period of 22 months, 17 912 live newborn were born in the maternity ward. The application of screening for deafness at birth allowed us to screen 15 382 newborns, with a coverage rate of 85.9%. We chose a three-stage screening protocol. In the first stage, 15 382 newborns were screened by means of analysis of distortion product of otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). The screening was negative (presence of DPOAE and absence of hearing loss) in 13 467 newborns, and it was positive (absence of DPOAE and a possibility of hearing loss) for 1915 newborns who were addressed to the second stage of the screening protocol for the analysis of DPOAE again after 1 month of birth. In this second stage of screening, 1516 infants were screened in the ENT Department and 399 infants were lost to follow-up. After the second stage of the screening, 76 infants were addressed to the third stage of the screening protocol, which is also called stage of diagnosis. In this last step, 14 children were lost to follow-up and 62 infants were tested for hearing threshold using analysis of auditory brainstem response. Finally, after verification of the results obtained in the third stage using behavioral audiometry and impedance, 49 children showed hearing loss with a hearing threshold greater than 30 dB. The prevalence of neonatal hearing loss in the maternity unit was 3.2%. There were 27 male and 22 female patients, of whom 29 had bilateral hearing loss and 20 children had unilateral hearing loss. In contrast, the study of the risk factors of hearing loss allowed us to identify those who are present among the detected newborns and to calculate the prevalence of hearing loss among newborns admitted in the neonatal ICU, which was 2.14%. The risk factors most associated with deafness are infections with cytomegalovirus and rubella, damage to the nervous system and craniofacial malformations. The rehabilitation of hearing is based on speech rehabilitation and the use a hearing aid, either conventional prosthesis or cochlear implant. Conclusion Newborn hearing screening using a three-stage protocol is possible. It allows to detect hearing loss earlier to initiate early hearing and language rehabilitation, the only way to guarantee alignment of children born with hearing impairment or with contracted hearing loss during the neonatal period with their peers with normal hearing.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z0ZKOI
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):54-58
Introduction Hearing loss is the most common congenital pathology at birth. Its prevalence increases during the infant period, especially in children at risk. The application of hearing screening in three stages with follow-up of children at risk of developing hearing loss allows to optimize the screening. Goals The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss in the neonatal population and identify newborns at risk and to investigate the best way to support infants with such disability from screening to rehabilitation. Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted over a period of 22 months from June 2011 to March 2013, using a systematic screening for deafness in a high-birth-level maternity unit. Results Over a period of 22 months, 17 912 live newborn were born in the maternity ward. The application of screening for deafness at birth allowed us to screen 15 382 newborns, with a coverage rate of 85.9%. We chose a three-stage screening protocol. In the first stage, 15 382 newborns were screened by means of analysis of distortion product of otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). The screening was negative (presence of DPOAE and absence of hearing loss) in 13 467 newborns, and it was positive (absence of DPOAE and a possibility of hearing loss) for 1915 newborns who were addressed to the second stage of the screening protocol for the analysis of DPOAE again after 1 month of birth. In this second stage of screening, 1516 infants were screened in the ENT Department and 399 infants were lost to follow-up. After the second stage of the screening, 76 infants were addressed to the third stage of the screening protocol, which is also called stage of diagnosis. In this last step, 14 children were lost to follow-up and 62 infants were tested for hearing threshold using analysis of auditory brainstem response. Finally, after verification of the results obtained in the third stage using behavioral audiometry and impedance, 49 children showed hearing loss with a hearing threshold greater than 30 dB. The prevalence of neonatal hearing loss in the maternity unit was 3.2%. There were 27 male and 22 female patients, of whom 29 had bilateral hearing loss and 20 children had unilateral hearing loss. In contrast, the study of the risk factors of hearing loss allowed us to identify those who are present among the detected newborns and to calculate the prevalence of hearing loss among newborns admitted in the neonatal ICU, which was 2.14%. The risk factors most associated with deafness are infections with cytomegalovirus and rubella, damage to the nervous system and craniofacial malformations. The rehabilitation of hearing is based on speech rehabilitation and the use a hearing aid, either conventional prosthesis or cochlear implant. Conclusion Newborn hearing screening using a three-stage protocol is possible. It allows to detect hearing loss earlier to initiate early hearing and language rehabilitation, the only way to guarantee alignment of children born with hearing impairment or with contracted hearing loss during the neonatal period with their peers with normal hearing.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z0ZKOI
via IFTTT
Neuroplastic changes in musician's brain: A review
Himanshu Kumar Sanju
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):43-44
Neuroplasticity refers to any change or modification in the central nervous system because of any adaptation or experience to environmental demands. Musical training and experience can lead to neuroplasticity because music requires cognitive and neural challenges that need accurate and precise timing of many actions, exact interval control of pitch not involved in language, and various different way of producing sound. It was also reported that a musician's brain is best to study neuroplastic changes. Therefore, the current review explored studies related to neuroplasticity in musicians' brains. Various database such as Medline, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar were searched for the reference to neuroplasticity in musicians.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z0ZKOG
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):43-44
Neuroplasticity refers to any change or modification in the central nervous system because of any adaptation or experience to environmental demands. Musical training and experience can lead to neuroplasticity because music requires cognitive and neural challenges that need accurate and precise timing of many actions, exact interval control of pitch not involved in language, and various different way of producing sound. It was also reported that a musician's brain is best to study neuroplastic changes. Therefore, the current review explored studies related to neuroplasticity in musicians' brains. Various database such as Medline, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar were searched for the reference to neuroplasticity in musicians.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z0ZKOG
via IFTTT
Pharmacotherapy of vestibular disorders
Hesham Mahmoud Samy
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):39-42
Dizziness and vertigo are symptoms directly related to dysfunction of the vestibular system. Imbalance is the most common complaint, especially in the elderly population, which results in falls and mobility restriction. There is no common drug for the management of balance disorders. Medications should be prescribed carefully, and according to clear diagnosis. The pharmacotherapy of vertigo can be optimized with detailed knowledge of the drugs effective in vertigo, as well as their side effects. A thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a significant lack of information concerning the real utility of different drugs used in clinical practice. This article discusses the pharmacological options that are available for the treatment of balance disorders, along with some recent advances.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XYMbCi
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):39-42
Dizziness and vertigo are symptoms directly related to dysfunction of the vestibular system. Imbalance is the most common complaint, especially in the elderly population, which results in falls and mobility restriction. There is no common drug for the management of balance disorders. Medications should be prescribed carefully, and according to clear diagnosis. The pharmacotherapy of vertigo can be optimized with detailed knowledge of the drugs effective in vertigo, as well as their side effects. A thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a significant lack of information concerning the real utility of different drugs used in clinical practice. This article discusses the pharmacological options that are available for the treatment of balance disorders, along with some recent advances.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XYMbCi
via IFTTT
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and video head impulse tests in different stages of Meniere's disease
Doaa M Elmoazen, Ossama A Sobhy, Fathy Abd Elbaky
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):45-53
Introduction Meniere's disease (MD) is characterized by intermittent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural pressure. Histopathologically, endolymphatic hydrops is seen initially in the cochlear duct and the saccule; with the progression of the disease, subsequent affection of the utricle and semicircular canals (SCC) occur. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the function of the saccule, the utricle, and the three SCCs using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and video head impulse test (vHIT), respectively, in Meniere's patients and to correlate the findings with the different stages of MD. Patients and methods Forty patients diagnosed with unilateral definite MD according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery's 1995 criteria [AAO-HNS (1995) criteria] were tested. They were divided into four subgroups based on the stage of MD using the average of 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 Hz pure-tone thresholds of the worst documented audiogram during the 6-month interval before examination. A control group of 40 healthy age-matched adults were equally divided into four corresponding subgroups based on their pure-tone average. In all, 500 and 1000 Hz tone burst air conduction cVEMP and oVEMP tests, bithermal caloric test, and vHIT for all SCCs were recorded for both groups. Results The results of this study showed that the highest prevalence of abnormalities in Meniere's patients were seen in the pure tone average (PTA) (85%), followed by cVEMP (72.5%) and oVEMP (67.5%). Caloric test abnormalities follow with a lower prevalence of 32.5%. The vHIT presented the lowest prevalence of abnormalities, with 20% in the lateral canal, 7.5% in the anterior, and 5% in the posterior canal. This pattern of abnormality is in agreement with the reported pattern of hydrops formation in the vestibular system. Conclusion The findings of the current study suggest that with the advancement in the stage of MD consequent abnormal cVEMP, oVEMP, caloric, and vHIT responses occur following the histopathological evidence of progression of the disease from the saccule up to the SCCs.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XYMbCk
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):45-53
Introduction Meniere's disease (MD) is characterized by intermittent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural pressure. Histopathologically, endolymphatic hydrops is seen initially in the cochlear duct and the saccule; with the progression of the disease, subsequent affection of the utricle and semicircular canals (SCC) occur. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the function of the saccule, the utricle, and the three SCCs using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and video head impulse test (vHIT), respectively, in Meniere's patients and to correlate the findings with the different stages of MD. Patients and methods Forty patients diagnosed with unilateral definite MD according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery's 1995 criteria [AAO-HNS (1995) criteria] were tested. They were divided into four subgroups based on the stage of MD using the average of 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 Hz pure-tone thresholds of the worst documented audiogram during the 6-month interval before examination. A control group of 40 healthy age-matched adults were equally divided into four corresponding subgroups based on their pure-tone average. In all, 500 and 1000 Hz tone burst air conduction cVEMP and oVEMP tests, bithermal caloric test, and vHIT for all SCCs were recorded for both groups. Results The results of this study showed that the highest prevalence of abnormalities in Meniere's patients were seen in the pure tone average (PTA) (85%), followed by cVEMP (72.5%) and oVEMP (67.5%). Caloric test abnormalities follow with a lower prevalence of 32.5%. The vHIT presented the lowest prevalence of abnormalities, with 20% in the lateral canal, 7.5% in the anterior, and 5% in the posterior canal. This pattern of abnormality is in agreement with the reported pattern of hydrops formation in the vestibular system. Conclusion The findings of the current study suggest that with the advancement in the stage of MD consequent abnormal cVEMP, oVEMP, caloric, and vHIT responses occur following the histopathological evidence of progression of the disease from the saccule up to the SCCs.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XYMbCk
via IFTTT
Sensitivity of CHIRP auditory brainstem response and auditory steady state response for detecting normal hearing in children
Haider W Alsarhan
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):59-63
Background In recent years, great development of electrophysiological procedures for detection of hearing level in infants and children has been achieved - click auditory brainstem response (ABR), tone burst ABR, and notched noise ABR. The two most recent methods are CHIRP signal ABR and auditory steady state response (ASSR). Aim of the study The aim of this study was to identify the best electrophysiological method for detecting normal hearing thresholds. Patients and methods A prospective study was conducted on 80 ears from 58 children aged from 1 to 2 years that showed normal hearing thresholds in all frequencies in visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) cooperatively, for which CHIRP ABR and ASSR were evaluated and the results were analyzed. Results Both CHIRP ABR and ASSR showed moderate correlation with VRA at 0.5 and 1 kHz and a strong correlation at 2 and 4 kHz. CHIRP ABR thresholds were closer to VRA thresholds and showed a sensitivity of 100%, detecting normal hearing thresholds at all frequencies, whereas the sensitivity of ASSR in detecting normal hearing was decreased with decreasing testing frequency, reaching a low percentage of 57.5% at 0.5 kHz. Conclusion CHIRP ABR is the best electrophysiological method for assessing hearing thresholds in children whose hearing average is expected to be close to normal threshold.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1U6Y43A
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):59-63
Background In recent years, great development of electrophysiological procedures for detection of hearing level in infants and children has been achieved - click auditory brainstem response (ABR), tone burst ABR, and notched noise ABR. The two most recent methods are CHIRP signal ABR and auditory steady state response (ASSR). Aim of the study The aim of this study was to identify the best electrophysiological method for detecting normal hearing thresholds. Patients and methods A prospective study was conducted on 80 ears from 58 children aged from 1 to 2 years that showed normal hearing thresholds in all frequencies in visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) cooperatively, for which CHIRP ABR and ASSR were evaluated and the results were analyzed. Results Both CHIRP ABR and ASSR showed moderate correlation with VRA at 0.5 and 1 kHz and a strong correlation at 2 and 4 kHz. CHIRP ABR thresholds were closer to VRA thresholds and showed a sensitivity of 100%, detecting normal hearing thresholds at all frequencies, whereas the sensitivity of ASSR in detecting normal hearing was decreased with decreasing testing frequency, reaching a low percentage of 57.5% at 0.5 kHz. Conclusion CHIRP ABR is the best electrophysiological method for assessing hearing thresholds in children whose hearing average is expected to be close to normal threshold.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1U6Y43A
via IFTTT
Genetic Hearing Loss: A Comprehensive Review
Hearing loss can be attributed to a variety of inherited and environmental noises (medications, infections, etc.). In recent decades, our improved understanding of genetics, molecular biology, and audiologic pathways has led to the discovery of a variety of Hereditary Hearing Impairments (HHI). HHI can be categorized as syndromic HL and non-syndromic HL, in which HL is associated with other pathophysiological manifestations. Currently, greater than 300 syndromic HLs are recognized, while more than 100 chromosomal loci and 40 genes are attributed for non-syndromic HLs. Improved understanding of the genes impaired in HL, including their structure and function, will soon lead to improvements in screening and possibly treatments. The following is a review of genetic HL where we discuss the definition, classifications, etiology, epidemiology, recognized syndromes, genetics, diagnostics, and screening methods of HL.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z2uIWV
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z2uIWV
via IFTTT
Ménière's Disease: Current and Potential New Objective Measures Using Electrocochleography
The characteristic manifestations of Ménière's disease (MD) are mainly subjective, making MD difficult for physicians to diagnose without objective confirmation. A classic electrophysiologic technique for objective diagnosis of MD is electrocochleography (ECochG) to slow stimulus rates. This review will provide information regarding the sensitivity, specificity, and limitations of the conventional click and frequency specific ECochG measures. In addition, the paper will discuss two novel, promising techniques: fast click ECochG with the use of continuous loop averaging deconvolution (CLAD) and the auditory nerve overlapped waveform (ANOW). These new techniques may offer a new way in diagnosing MD through assessing neural adaptation and function of the apical half of the cochlear spiral.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OV0QsG
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OV0QsG
via IFTTT
Results of the first universal newborn hearing screening in Algeria
Farid Boudjenah, Mokhtar Hasbellaoui, Omar Zemirli
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):54-58
Introduction Hearing loss is the most common congenital pathology at birth. Its prevalence increases during the infant period, especially in children at risk. The application of hearing screening in three stages with follow-up of children at risk of developing hearing loss allows to optimize the screening. Goals The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss in the neonatal population and identify newborns at risk and to investigate the best way to support infants with such disability from screening to rehabilitation. Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted over a period of 22 months from June 2011 to March 2013, using a systematic screening for deafness in a high-birth-level maternity unit. Results Over a period of 22 months, 17 912 live newborn were born in the maternity ward. The application of screening for deafness at birth allowed us to screen 15 382 newborns, with a coverage rate of 85.9%. We chose a three-stage screening protocol. In the first stage, 15 382 newborns were screened by means of analysis of distortion product of otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). The screening was negative (presence of DPOAE and absence of hearing loss) in 13 467 newborns, and it was positive (absence of DPOAE and a possibility of hearing loss) for 1915 newborns who were addressed to the second stage of the screening protocol for the analysis of DPOAE again after 1 month of birth. In this second stage of screening, 1516 infants were screened in the ENT Department and 399 infants were lost to follow-up. After the second stage of the screening, 76 infants were addressed to the third stage of the screening protocol, which is also called stage of diagnosis. In this last step, 14 children were lost to follow-up and 62 infants were tested for hearing threshold using analysis of auditory brainstem response. Finally, after verification of the results obtained in the third stage using behavioral audiometry and impedance, 49 children showed hearing loss with a hearing threshold greater than 30 dB. The prevalence of neonatal hearing loss in the maternity unit was 3.2%. There were 27 male and 22 female patients, of whom 29 had bilateral hearing loss and 20 children had unilateral hearing loss. In contrast, the study of the risk factors of hearing loss allowed us to identify those who are present among the detected newborns and to calculate the prevalence of hearing loss among newborns admitted in the neonatal ICU, which was 2.14%. The risk factors most associated with deafness are infections with cytomegalovirus and rubella, damage to the nervous system and craniofacial malformations. The rehabilitation of hearing is based on speech rehabilitation and the use a hearing aid, either conventional prosthesis or cochlear implant. Conclusion Newborn hearing screening using a three-stage protocol is possible. It allows to detect hearing loss earlier to initiate early hearing and language rehabilitation, the only way to guarantee alignment of children born with hearing impairment or with contracted hearing loss during the neonatal period with their peers with normal hearing.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z0ZKOI
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):54-58
Introduction Hearing loss is the most common congenital pathology at birth. Its prevalence increases during the infant period, especially in children at risk. The application of hearing screening in three stages with follow-up of children at risk of developing hearing loss allows to optimize the screening. Goals The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of hearing loss in the neonatal population and identify newborns at risk and to investigate the best way to support infants with such disability from screening to rehabilitation. Materials and methods This prospective study was conducted over a period of 22 months from June 2011 to March 2013, using a systematic screening for deafness in a high-birth-level maternity unit. Results Over a period of 22 months, 17 912 live newborn were born in the maternity ward. The application of screening for deafness at birth allowed us to screen 15 382 newborns, with a coverage rate of 85.9%. We chose a three-stage screening protocol. In the first stage, 15 382 newborns were screened by means of analysis of distortion product of otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE). The screening was negative (presence of DPOAE and absence of hearing loss) in 13 467 newborns, and it was positive (absence of DPOAE and a possibility of hearing loss) for 1915 newborns who were addressed to the second stage of the screening protocol for the analysis of DPOAE again after 1 month of birth. In this second stage of screening, 1516 infants were screened in the ENT Department and 399 infants were lost to follow-up. After the second stage of the screening, 76 infants were addressed to the third stage of the screening protocol, which is also called stage of diagnosis. In this last step, 14 children were lost to follow-up and 62 infants were tested for hearing threshold using analysis of auditory brainstem response. Finally, after verification of the results obtained in the third stage using behavioral audiometry and impedance, 49 children showed hearing loss with a hearing threshold greater than 30 dB. The prevalence of neonatal hearing loss in the maternity unit was 3.2%. There were 27 male and 22 female patients, of whom 29 had bilateral hearing loss and 20 children had unilateral hearing loss. In contrast, the study of the risk factors of hearing loss allowed us to identify those who are present among the detected newborns and to calculate the prevalence of hearing loss among newborns admitted in the neonatal ICU, which was 2.14%. The risk factors most associated with deafness are infections with cytomegalovirus and rubella, damage to the nervous system and craniofacial malformations. The rehabilitation of hearing is based on speech rehabilitation and the use a hearing aid, either conventional prosthesis or cochlear implant. Conclusion Newborn hearing screening using a three-stage protocol is possible. It allows to detect hearing loss earlier to initiate early hearing and language rehabilitation, the only way to guarantee alignment of children born with hearing impairment or with contracted hearing loss during the neonatal period with their peers with normal hearing.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z0ZKOI
via IFTTT
Neuroplastic changes in musician's brain: A review
Himanshu Kumar Sanju
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):43-44
Neuroplasticity refers to any change or modification in the central nervous system because of any adaptation or experience to environmental demands. Musical training and experience can lead to neuroplasticity because music requires cognitive and neural challenges that need accurate and precise timing of many actions, exact interval control of pitch not involved in language, and various different way of producing sound. It was also reported that a musician's brain is best to study neuroplastic changes. Therefore, the current review explored studies related to neuroplasticity in musicians' brains. Various database such as Medline, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar were searched for the reference to neuroplasticity in musicians.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z0ZKOG
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):43-44
Neuroplasticity refers to any change or modification in the central nervous system because of any adaptation or experience to environmental demands. Musical training and experience can lead to neuroplasticity because music requires cognitive and neural challenges that need accurate and precise timing of many actions, exact interval control of pitch not involved in language, and various different way of producing sound. It was also reported that a musician's brain is best to study neuroplastic changes. Therefore, the current review explored studies related to neuroplasticity in musicians' brains. Various database such as Medline, PubMed, Google, and Google Scholar were searched for the reference to neuroplasticity in musicians.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z0ZKOG
via IFTTT
Pharmacotherapy of vestibular disorders
Hesham Mahmoud Samy
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):39-42
Dizziness and vertigo are symptoms directly related to dysfunction of the vestibular system. Imbalance is the most common complaint, especially in the elderly population, which results in falls and mobility restriction. There is no common drug for the management of balance disorders. Medications should be prescribed carefully, and according to clear diagnosis. The pharmacotherapy of vertigo can be optimized with detailed knowledge of the drugs effective in vertigo, as well as their side effects. A thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a significant lack of information concerning the real utility of different drugs used in clinical practice. This article discusses the pharmacological options that are available for the treatment of balance disorders, along with some recent advances.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XYMbCi
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):39-42
Dizziness and vertigo are symptoms directly related to dysfunction of the vestibular system. Imbalance is the most common complaint, especially in the elderly population, which results in falls and mobility restriction. There is no common drug for the management of balance disorders. Medications should be prescribed carefully, and according to clear diagnosis. The pharmacotherapy of vertigo can be optimized with detailed knowledge of the drugs effective in vertigo, as well as their side effects. A thorough review of the literature reveals that there is a significant lack of information concerning the real utility of different drugs used in clinical practice. This article discusses the pharmacological options that are available for the treatment of balance disorders, along with some recent advances.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XYMbCi
via IFTTT
Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and video head impulse tests in different stages of Meniere's disease
Doaa M Elmoazen, Ossama A Sobhy, Fathy Abd Elbaky
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):45-53
Introduction Meniere's disease (MD) is characterized by intermittent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural pressure. Histopathologically, endolymphatic hydrops is seen initially in the cochlear duct and the saccule; with the progression of the disease, subsequent affection of the utricle and semicircular canals (SCC) occur. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the function of the saccule, the utricle, and the three SCCs using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and video head impulse test (vHIT), respectively, in Meniere's patients and to correlate the findings with the different stages of MD. Patients and methods Forty patients diagnosed with unilateral definite MD according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery's 1995 criteria [AAO-HNS (1995) criteria] were tested. They were divided into four subgroups based on the stage of MD using the average of 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 Hz pure-tone thresholds of the worst documented audiogram during the 6-month interval before examination. A control group of 40 healthy age-matched adults were equally divided into four corresponding subgroups based on their pure-tone average. In all, 500 and 1000 Hz tone burst air conduction cVEMP and oVEMP tests, bithermal caloric test, and vHIT for all SCCs were recorded for both groups. Results The results of this study showed that the highest prevalence of abnormalities in Meniere's patients were seen in the pure tone average (PTA) (85%), followed by cVEMP (72.5%) and oVEMP (67.5%). Caloric test abnormalities follow with a lower prevalence of 32.5%. The vHIT presented the lowest prevalence of abnormalities, with 20% in the lateral canal, 7.5% in the anterior, and 5% in the posterior canal. This pattern of abnormality is in agreement with the reported pattern of hydrops formation in the vestibular system. Conclusion The findings of the current study suggest that with the advancement in the stage of MD consequent abnormal cVEMP, oVEMP, caloric, and vHIT responses occur following the histopathological evidence of progression of the disease from the saccule up to the SCCs.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XYMbCk
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):45-53
Introduction Meniere's disease (MD) is characterized by intermittent episodes of vertigo, fluctuating sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural pressure. Histopathologically, endolymphatic hydrops is seen initially in the cochlear duct and the saccule; with the progression of the disease, subsequent affection of the utricle and semicircular canals (SCC) occur. Objectives The aim of this study was to assess the function of the saccule, the utricle, and the three SCCs using cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potential (cVEMP), ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potential (oVEMP), and video head impulse test (vHIT), respectively, in Meniere's patients and to correlate the findings with the different stages of MD. Patients and methods Forty patients diagnosed with unilateral definite MD according to the American Academy of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery's 1995 criteria [AAO-HNS (1995) criteria] were tested. They were divided into four subgroups based on the stage of MD using the average of 500, 1000, 2000, and 3000 Hz pure-tone thresholds of the worst documented audiogram during the 6-month interval before examination. A control group of 40 healthy age-matched adults were equally divided into four corresponding subgroups based on their pure-tone average. In all, 500 and 1000 Hz tone burst air conduction cVEMP and oVEMP tests, bithermal caloric test, and vHIT for all SCCs were recorded for both groups. Results The results of this study showed that the highest prevalence of abnormalities in Meniere's patients were seen in the pure tone average (PTA) (85%), followed by cVEMP (72.5%) and oVEMP (67.5%). Caloric test abnormalities follow with a lower prevalence of 32.5%. The vHIT presented the lowest prevalence of abnormalities, with 20% in the lateral canal, 7.5% in the anterior, and 5% in the posterior canal. This pattern of abnormality is in agreement with the reported pattern of hydrops formation in the vestibular system. Conclusion The findings of the current study suggest that with the advancement in the stage of MD consequent abnormal cVEMP, oVEMP, caloric, and vHIT responses occur following the histopathological evidence of progression of the disease from the saccule up to the SCCs.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1XYMbCk
via IFTTT
Sensitivity of CHIRP auditory brainstem response and auditory steady state response for detecting normal hearing in children
Haider W Alsarhan
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):59-63
Background In recent years, great development of electrophysiological procedures for detection of hearing level in infants and children has been achieved - click auditory brainstem response (ABR), tone burst ABR, and notched noise ABR. The two most recent methods are CHIRP signal ABR and auditory steady state response (ASSR). Aim of the study The aim of this study was to identify the best electrophysiological method for detecting normal hearing thresholds. Patients and methods A prospective study was conducted on 80 ears from 58 children aged from 1 to 2 years that showed normal hearing thresholds in all frequencies in visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) cooperatively, for which CHIRP ABR and ASSR were evaluated and the results were analyzed. Results Both CHIRP ABR and ASSR showed moderate correlation with VRA at 0.5 and 1 kHz and a strong correlation at 2 and 4 kHz. CHIRP ABR thresholds were closer to VRA thresholds and showed a sensitivity of 100%, detecting normal hearing thresholds at all frequencies, whereas the sensitivity of ASSR in detecting normal hearing was decreased with decreasing testing frequency, reaching a low percentage of 57.5% at 0.5 kHz. Conclusion CHIRP ABR is the best electrophysiological method for assessing hearing thresholds in children whose hearing average is expected to be close to normal threshold.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1U6Y43A
via IFTTT
Advanced Arab Academy of Audio-Vestibulogy Journal 2015 2(2):59-63
Background In recent years, great development of electrophysiological procedures for detection of hearing level in infants and children has been achieved - click auditory brainstem response (ABR), tone burst ABR, and notched noise ABR. The two most recent methods are CHIRP signal ABR and auditory steady state response (ASSR). Aim of the study The aim of this study was to identify the best electrophysiological method for detecting normal hearing thresholds. Patients and methods A prospective study was conducted on 80 ears from 58 children aged from 1 to 2 years that showed normal hearing thresholds in all frequencies in visual reinforcement audiometry (VRA) cooperatively, for which CHIRP ABR and ASSR were evaluated and the results were analyzed. Results Both CHIRP ABR and ASSR showed moderate correlation with VRA at 0.5 and 1 kHz and a strong correlation at 2 and 4 kHz. CHIRP ABR thresholds were closer to VRA thresholds and showed a sensitivity of 100%, detecting normal hearing thresholds at all frequencies, whereas the sensitivity of ASSR in detecting normal hearing was decreased with decreasing testing frequency, reaching a low percentage of 57.5% at 0.5 kHz. Conclusion CHIRP ABR is the best electrophysiological method for assessing hearing thresholds in children whose hearing average is expected to be close to normal threshold.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1U6Y43A
via IFTTT
Genetic Hearing Loss: A Comprehensive Review
Hearing loss can be attributed to a variety of inherited and environmental noises (medications, infections, etc.). In recent decades, our improved understanding of genetics, molecular biology, and audiologic pathways has led to the discovery of a variety of Hereditary Hearing Impairments (HHI). HHI can be categorized as syndromic HL and non-syndromic HL, in which HL is associated with other pathophysiological manifestations. Currently, greater than 300 syndromic HLs are recognized, while more than 100 chromosomal loci and 40 genes are attributed for non-syndromic HLs. Improved understanding of the genes impaired in HL, including their structure and function, will soon lead to improvements in screening and possibly treatments. The following is a review of genetic HL where we discuss the definition, classifications, etiology, epidemiology, recognized syndromes, genetics, diagnostics, and screening methods of HL.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z2uIWV
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z2uIWV
via IFTTT
Genetic Hearing Loss: A Comprehensive Review
Hearing loss can be attributed to a variety of inherited and environmental noises (medications, infections, etc.). In recent decades, our improved understanding of genetics, molecular biology, and audiologic pathways has led to the discovery of a variety of Hereditary Hearing Impairments (HHI). HHI can be categorized as syndromic HL and non-syndromic HL, in which HL is associated with other pathophysiological manifestations. Currently, greater than 300 syndromic HLs are recognized, while more than 100 chromosomal loci and 40 genes are attributed for non-syndromic HLs. Improved understanding of the genes impaired in HL, including their structure and function, will soon lead to improvements in screening and possibly treatments. The following is a review of genetic HL where we discuss the definition, classifications, etiology, epidemiology, recognized syndromes, genetics, diagnostics, and screening methods of HL.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z2uIWV
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z2uIWV
via IFTTT
Ménière's Disease: Current and Potential New Objective Measures Using Electrocochleography
The characteristic manifestations of Ménière's disease (MD) are mainly subjective, making MD difficult for physicians to diagnose without objective confirmation. A classic electrophysiologic technique for objective diagnosis of MD is electrocochleography (ECochG) to slow stimulus rates. This review will provide information regarding the sensitivity, specificity, and limitations of the conventional click and frequency specific ECochG measures. In addition, the paper will discuss two novel, promising techniques: fast click ECochG with the use of continuous loop averaging deconvolution (CLAD) and the auditory nerve overlapped waveform (ANOW). These new techniques may offer a new way in diagnosing MD through assessing neural adaptation and function of the apical half of the cochlear spiral.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OV0QsG
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OV0QsG
via IFTTT
Ménière's Disease: Current and Potential New Objective Measures Using Electrocochleography
The characteristic manifestations of Ménière's disease (MD) are mainly subjective, making MD difficult for physicians to diagnose without objective confirmation. A classic electrophysiologic technique for objective diagnosis of MD is electrocochleography (ECochG) to slow stimulus rates. This review will provide information regarding the sensitivity, specificity, and limitations of the conventional click and frequency specific ECochG measures. In addition, the paper will discuss two novel, promising techniques: fast click ECochG with the use of continuous loop averaging deconvolution (CLAD) and the auditory nerve overlapped waveform (ANOW). These new techniques may offer a new way in diagnosing MD through assessing neural adaptation and function of the apical half of the cochlear spiral.
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OV0QsG
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via xlomafota13 on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1OV0QsG
via IFTTT
A Review of Human Immunodeficiency Virus on the Auditory System
There are an increasing number of large-scale studies on the association between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hearing loss; these studies include both HIV-infected adults from horizontal disease transmission to HIV-infected children from vertical disease transmission in utero. With advances in HIV treatment approaches, this disease has become a chronic health condition rather than a terminal health condition. Based on recent data in this area, mechanisms within the auditory system are at risk based on HIV status. HIV-infected children have poorer hearing compared to perinatally exposed to HIV, but uninfected children. HIV-infected children also have poorer hearing compared to HIV-unexposed, uninfected children. HIV-infected adults also have poorer hearing compared with HIV-uninfected adults. Individuals with greater HIV disease severity had poorer hearing than HIV-infected individuals with lesser HIV disease severity. Auditory brainstem response data demonstrate poor waveform morphology, lower peak amplitude, increased peak and interpeak latencies in HIV-infected individuals. Conversely, distortion product otoacoustic emission data are similar for HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected individuals status. Taken together, differences in hearing sensitivity based on HIV status may be a result of auditory neural function, although large-scale studies are currently ongoing to further examine these risk factors of HIV on the auditory system.
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z2uIWF
via IFTTT
from #Audiology via ola Kala on Inoreader http://ift.tt/1Z2uIWF
via IFTTT
Εγγραφή σε:
Αναρτήσεις (Atom)