School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge and Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Bullying

Purpose

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') knowledge and perceptions of bullying, with an emphasis on autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method

A 46-item, web-based survey was used to address the purposes of this investigation. Participants were recruited through e-mail and electronic mailing lists for American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) special interest divisions 1 (Language, Learning, and Education) and 16 (School-Based Issues). Also, an embedded link to the survey was posted on the ASHA Community website and ASHA Facebook page.

Results

Participants demonstrated knowledge of many aspects of bullying research; however, they demonstrated weaknesses in others. All respondents agreed that SLPs should intervene in moments of bullying, but not all indicated that they feel comfortable intervening. Few participants indicated that their school district implemented antibullying campaigns specific to children with special needs, such as ASD.

Conclusions

As recognized experts in working with children with communication deficits, including individuals with ASD, SLPs have the opportunity to play a key role in antibullying efforts. Results revealed, however, that school-based SLPs may benefit from more information on bullying in order to understand the nature, context, and extent of this issue, as well as ways in which to respond to bullying when it is observed.

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School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge and Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Bullying

Purpose

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') knowledge and perceptions of bullying, with an emphasis on autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method

A 46-item, web-based survey was used to address the purposes of this investigation. Participants were recruited through e-mail and electronic mailing lists for American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) special interest divisions 1 (Language, Learning, and Education) and 16 (School-Based Issues). Also, an embedded link to the survey was posted on the ASHA Community website and ASHA Facebook page.

Results

Participants demonstrated knowledge of many aspects of bullying research; however, they demonstrated weaknesses in others. All respondents agreed that SLPs should intervene in moments of bullying, but not all indicated that they feel comfortable intervening. Few participants indicated that their school district implemented antibullying campaigns specific to children with special needs, such as ASD.

Conclusions

As recognized experts in working with children with communication deficits, including individuals with ASD, SLPs have the opportunity to play a key role in antibullying efforts. Results revealed, however, that school-based SLPs may benefit from more information on bullying in order to understand the nature, context, and extent of this issue, as well as ways in which to respond to bullying when it is observed.

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School-Based Speech-Language Pathologists' Knowledge and Perceptions of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Bullying

Purpose

The purpose of the current investigation was to examine speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') knowledge and perceptions of bullying, with an emphasis on autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Method

A 46-item, web-based survey was used to address the purposes of this investigation. Participants were recruited through e-mail and electronic mailing lists for American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) special interest divisions 1 (Language, Learning, and Education) and 16 (School-Based Issues). Also, an embedded link to the survey was posted on the ASHA Community website and ASHA Facebook page.

Results

Participants demonstrated knowledge of many aspects of bullying research; however, they demonstrated weaknesses in others. All respondents agreed that SLPs should intervene in moments of bullying, but not all indicated that they feel comfortable intervening. Few participants indicated that their school district implemented antibullying campaigns specific to children with special needs, such as ASD.

Conclusions

As recognized experts in working with children with communication deficits, including individuals with ASD, SLPs have the opportunity to play a key role in antibullying efforts. Results revealed, however, that school-based SLPs may benefit from more information on bullying in order to understand the nature, context, and extent of this issue, as well as ways in which to respond to bullying when it is observed.

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Otologic and Rhinologic Manifestations of Eosinophilic Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis

Background: Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that manifests as asthma, recurrent sinusitis and peripheral eosinophilia. In this study, we investigated the clinical features of the ear and nasal manifestations of EGPA in comparison with those of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA). Materials and Methods: Twenty-one patients diagnosed with EGPA were studied. The frequency of otologic manifestations, the degree of hearing loss and the frequency of nasal symptoms were assessed. The onset of ear symptoms, sinusitis and asthma in patients with EGPA were also examined. Results: Eleven patients (52.4%) with EGPA demonstrated otologic symptoms. The EGPA patients commonly presented mild-to-moderate mixed or sensorineural hearing loss. The pattern of hearing loss was mainly flat, and all but 1 patient achieved complete remission from their hearing impairments. Eighteen patients (85.7%) with EGPA demonstrated nasal symptoms. Patients with EGPA showed a significantly higher incidence of nasal polyps than did those with GPA. The median Lund and Mackey scoring system score was 13.7 for patients with EGPA, and ethmoid sinus shadows were more severe than those of the maxillary sinus. Most ear symptoms associated with EGPA were observed after definitive diagnosis, although sinusitis and asthma tended to manifest themselves before diagnosis. There were significant differences between the onset of ear symptoms and those of asthma and sinusitis. Conclusion: As over 80% of patients with EGPA had nasal symptoms and over half had ear symptoms, otolaryngologists should be aware of this disease. Recognition of the characteristic ear and nasal symptoms are thought to be particularly important to obtain an early diagnosis of EGPA.
Audiol Neurotol 2016;21:45-53

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Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120890<br/>Rachel Humphriss

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128570<br/>Vishakha Waman Rawool

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Autosomal-Recessive Hearing Impairment due to Rare Missense Variants within S1PR2.

Autosomal-Recessive Hearing Impairment due to Rare Missense Variants within S1PR2.

Am J Hum Genet. 2016 Jan 19;

Authors: Santos-Cortez RL, Faridi R, Rehman AU, Lee K, Ansar M, Wang X, Morell RJ, Isaacson R, Belyantseva IA, Dai H, Acharya A, Qaiser TA, Muhammad D, Ali RA, Shams S, Hassan MJ, Shahzad S, Raza SI, Bashir ZE, Smith JD, Nickerson DA, Bamshad MJ, University of Washington Center for Mendelian Genomics, Riazuddin S, Ahmad W, Friedman TB, Leal SM

Abstract
The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors (S1PRs) are a well-studied class of transmembrane G protein-coupled sphingolipid receptors that mediate multiple cellular processes. However, S1PRs have not been previously reported to be involved in the genetic etiology of human traits. S1PR2 lies within the autosomal-recessive nonsyndromic hearing impairment (ARNSHI) locus DFNB68 on 19p13.2. From exome sequence data we identified two pathogenic S1PR2 variants, c.323G>C (p.Arg108Pro) and c.419A>G (p.Tyr140Cys). Each of these variants co-segregates with congenital profound hearing impairment in consanguineous Pakistani families with maximum LOD scores of 6.4 for family DEM4154 and 3.3 for family PKDF1400. Neither S1PR2 missense variant was reported among ∼120,000 chromosomes in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, in 76 unrelated Pakistani exomes, or in 720 Pakistani control chromosomes. Both DNA variants affect highly conserved residues of S1PR2 and are predicted to be damaging by multiple bioinformatics tools. Molecular modeling predicts that these variants affect binding of sphingosine-1-phosphate (p.Arg108Pro) and G protein docking (p.Tyr140Cys). In the previously reported S1pr2(-/-) mice, stria vascularis abnormalities, organ of Corti degeneration, and profound hearing loss were observed. Additionally, hair cell defects were seen in both knockout mice and morphant zebrafish. Family PKDF1400 presents with ARNSHI, which is consistent with the lack of gross malformations in S1pr2(-/-) mice, whereas family DEM4154 has lower limb malformations in addition to hearing loss. Our findings suggest the possibility of developing therapies against hair cell damage (e.g., from ototoxic drugs) through targeted stimulation of S1PR2.

PMID: 26805784 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Family involvement in music impacts participation of children with cochlear implants in music education and music activities.

Related Articles

Family involvement in music impacts participation of children with cochlear implants in music education and music activities.

Cochlear Implants Int. 2015 May;16(3):137-46

Authors: Driscoll V, Gfeller K, Tan X, See RL, Cheng HY, Kanemitsu M

Abstract
Objective Children with cochlear implants (CIs) participate in musical activities in school and daily lives. Considerable variability exists regarding the amount of music involvement and enjoyment. Using the Music Engagement Questionnaire-Preschool/Elementary (MEQ-P/E), we wanted to determine patterns of musical participation and the impact of familial factors on engagement. Methods Parents of 32 children with CIs (16 preschool and 16 elementary) completed a questionnaire regarding the musical involvement of their child with an implant and a normal-hearing (NH) sibling (if one existed). We compared CI children's involvement to that of their NH siblings as well as across groups of children with and without CIs. Correlations between parent ratings of music importance, demographic factors, and involvement of CI and NH children were conducted within and across groups. Results No significant differences were found between children with CIs and NH siblings, meaning children from the same family showed similar levels of musical involvement. When compared at the same developmental stage, no significant differences were found between preschool children with and without CIs. Parents who rated the importance of music as 'low' or 'middle' had children (NH and CI) who were less involved in music activities. Children whose parents rated music importance as 'high' were involved in monthly to weekly music activities with 81.25% reporting daily music listening. Conclusion Despite a less-than-ideal auditory signal for music, preschool and school-aged CI children enjoy and are involved in musical experiences. Families who enjoy and spend a greater amount of time involved in music tend to have children who also engage more actively in music.

PMID: 25431978 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

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Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120890<br/>Rachel Humphriss

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128570<br/>Vishakha Waman Rawool

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Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120890<br/>Rachel Humphriss

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128570<br/>Vishakha Waman Rawool

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills.

Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 25;:1-10

Authors: Rawool VW

Abstract
Work-related exposure to noise and other ototoxins can cause damage to the cochlea, synapses between the inner hair cells, a auditory nerve fibers, and higher auditory pathways, leading to difficulties in recognizing speech. Procedures designed to determine speech recognition scores (SRS) in an objective manner can be helpful in disability compensation cases where the worker claims to have poor speech perception due to exposure to noise or ototoxins. Such measures can also be helpful in determining SRS in individuals who cannot provide reliable responses to speech stimuli, including patients with Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injuries, and infants with and without hearing loss. Cost-effective neural monitoring hardware and software is being rapidly refined due to the high demand for neurogaming (games involving the use of brain-computer interfaces), health, and other applications. More specifically, two related advances in neuro-technology include relative ease in recording neural activity and availability of sophisticated analysing techniques. These techniques are reviewed in the current article and their applications for developing objective SRS procedures are proposed. Issues related to neuroaudioethics (ethics related to collection of neural data evoked by auditory stimuli including speech) and neurosecurity (preservation of a person's neural mechanisms and free will) are also discussed.

PMID: 26807789 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.

Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 25;:1-7

Authors: Humphriss R, Hall AJ, Baguley DM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.
DESIGN: A prospective UK population-based study.
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 7092 children from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) who attended the hearing session at age 11 years and answered questions about tinnitus.
RESULTS: We estimated the prevalence of any spontaneous tinnitus as 28.1% (95% CI 27.1, 29.2%), and the prevalence of 'clinically significant' tinnitus as 3.1% (95% CI 2.7, 3.5%). Children were less likely to have clinically significant tinnitus if the tinnitus was 'soft' rather than 'loud' and if continuous rather than intermittent. Clinical significance was more likely if the tinnitus occurred more than once a week. Neither pitch nor length of history were important determinants of clinical significance. Small increases in mean hearing threshold (of up to 2.3 dB HL) were associated with clinically significant tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of any tinnitus in 11-year-old children appears high, the small proportion in which this was found to be clinically significant implies that this does not necessarily indicate a large unmet clinical demand. We would expect approximately one child per class of 30 to have clinically significant tinnitus which is, by definition, problematic.

PMID: 26804253 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120890<br/>Rachel Humphriss

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128570<br/>Vishakha Waman Rawool

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills.

Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 25;:1-10

Authors: Rawool VW

Abstract
Work-related exposure to noise and other ototoxins can cause damage to the cochlea, synapses between the inner hair cells, a auditory nerve fibers, and higher auditory pathways, leading to difficulties in recognizing speech. Procedures designed to determine speech recognition scores (SRS) in an objective manner can be helpful in disability compensation cases where the worker claims to have poor speech perception due to exposure to noise or ototoxins. Such measures can also be helpful in determining SRS in individuals who cannot provide reliable responses to speech stimuli, including patients with Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injuries, and infants with and without hearing loss. Cost-effective neural monitoring hardware and software is being rapidly refined due to the high demand for neurogaming (games involving the use of brain-computer interfaces), health, and other applications. More specifically, two related advances in neuro-technology include relative ease in recording neural activity and availability of sophisticated analysing techniques. These techniques are reviewed in the current article and their applications for developing objective SRS procedures are proposed. Issues related to neuroaudioethics (ethics related to collection of neural data evoked by auditory stimuli including speech) and neurosecurity (preservation of a person's neural mechanisms and free will) are also discussed.

PMID: 26807789 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.

Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 25;:1-7

Authors: Humphriss R, Hall AJ, Baguley DM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.
DESIGN: A prospective UK population-based study.
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 7092 children from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) who attended the hearing session at age 11 years and answered questions about tinnitus.
RESULTS: We estimated the prevalence of any spontaneous tinnitus as 28.1% (95% CI 27.1, 29.2%), and the prevalence of 'clinically significant' tinnitus as 3.1% (95% CI 2.7, 3.5%). Children were less likely to have clinically significant tinnitus if the tinnitus was 'soft' rather than 'loud' and if continuous rather than intermittent. Clinical significance was more likely if the tinnitus occurred more than once a week. Neither pitch nor length of history were important determinants of clinical significance. Small increases in mean hearing threshold (of up to 2.3 dB HL) were associated with clinically significant tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of any tinnitus in 11-year-old children appears high, the small proportion in which this was found to be clinically significant implies that this does not necessarily indicate a large unmet clinical demand. We would expect approximately one child per class of 30 to have clinically significant tinnitus which is, by definition, problematic.

PMID: 26804253 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children

10.3109/14992027.2015.1120890<br/>Rachel Humphriss

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills

10.3109/14992027.2015.1128570<br/>Vishakha Waman Rawool

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills.

Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 25;:1-10

Authors: Rawool VW

Abstract
Work-related exposure to noise and other ototoxins can cause damage to the cochlea, synapses between the inner hair cells, a auditory nerve fibers, and higher auditory pathways, leading to difficulties in recognizing speech. Procedures designed to determine speech recognition scores (SRS) in an objective manner can be helpful in disability compensation cases where the worker claims to have poor speech perception due to exposure to noise or ototoxins. Such measures can also be helpful in determining SRS in individuals who cannot provide reliable responses to speech stimuli, including patients with Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injuries, and infants with and without hearing loss. Cost-effective neural monitoring hardware and software is being rapidly refined due to the high demand for neurogaming (games involving the use of brain-computer interfaces), health, and other applications. More specifically, two related advances in neuro-technology include relative ease in recording neural activity and availability of sophisticated analysing techniques. These techniques are reviewed in the current article and their applications for developing objective SRS procedures are proposed. Issues related to neuroaudioethics (ethics related to collection of neural data evoked by auditory stimuli including speech) and neurosecurity (preservation of a person's neural mechanisms and free will) are also discussed.

PMID: 26807789 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.

Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 25;:1-7

Authors: Humphriss R, Hall AJ, Baguley DM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.
DESIGN: A prospective UK population-based study.
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 7092 children from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) who attended the hearing session at age 11 years and answered questions about tinnitus.
RESULTS: We estimated the prevalence of any spontaneous tinnitus as 28.1% (95% CI 27.1, 29.2%), and the prevalence of 'clinically significant' tinnitus as 3.1% (95% CI 2.7, 3.5%). Children were less likely to have clinically significant tinnitus if the tinnitus was 'soft' rather than 'loud' and if continuous rather than intermittent. Clinical significance was more likely if the tinnitus occurred more than once a week. Neither pitch nor length of history were important determinants of clinical significance. Small increases in mean hearing threshold (of up to 2.3 dB HL) were associated with clinically significant tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of any tinnitus in 11-year-old children appears high, the small proportion in which this was found to be clinically significant implies that this does not necessarily indicate a large unmet clinical demand. We would expect approximately one child per class of 30 to have clinically significant tinnitus which is, by definition, problematic.

PMID: 26804253 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills.

Emerging technologies with potential for objectively evaluating speech recognition skills.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 25;:1-10

Authors: Rawool VW

Abstract
Work-related exposure to noise and other ototoxins can cause damage to the cochlea, synapses between the inner hair cells, a auditory nerve fibers, and higher auditory pathways, leading to difficulties in recognizing speech. Procedures designed to determine speech recognition scores (SRS) in an objective manner can be helpful in disability compensation cases where the worker claims to have poor speech perception due to exposure to noise or ototoxins. Such measures can also be helpful in determining SRS in individuals who cannot provide reliable responses to speech stimuli, including patients with Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injuries, and infants with and without hearing loss. Cost-effective neural monitoring hardware and software is being rapidly refined due to the high demand for neurogaming (games involving the use of brain-computer interfaces), health, and other applications. More specifically, two related advances in neuro-technology include relative ease in recording neural activity and availability of sophisticated analysing techniques. These techniques are reviewed in the current article and their applications for developing objective SRS procedures are proposed. Issues related to neuroaudioethics (ethics related to collection of neural data evoked by auditory stimuli including speech) and neurosecurity (preservation of a person's neural mechanisms and free will) are also discussed.

PMID: 26807789 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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via IFTTT

Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.

Prevalence and characteristics of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.

Int J Audiol. 2016 Jan 25;:1-7

Authors: Humphriss R, Hall AJ, Baguley DM

Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of spontaneous tinnitus in 11-year-old children.
DESIGN: A prospective UK population-based study.
STUDY SAMPLE: A total of 7092 children from the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children (ALSPAC) who attended the hearing session at age 11 years and answered questions about tinnitus.
RESULTS: We estimated the prevalence of any spontaneous tinnitus as 28.1% (95% CI 27.1, 29.2%), and the prevalence of 'clinically significant' tinnitus as 3.1% (95% CI 2.7, 3.5%). Children were less likely to have clinically significant tinnitus if the tinnitus was 'soft' rather than 'loud' and if continuous rather than intermittent. Clinical significance was more likely if the tinnitus occurred more than once a week. Neither pitch nor length of history were important determinants of clinical significance. Small increases in mean hearing threshold (of up to 2.3 dB HL) were associated with clinically significant tinnitus.
CONCLUSIONS: Although the prevalence of any tinnitus in 11-year-old children appears high, the small proportion in which this was found to be clinically significant implies that this does not necessarily indicate a large unmet clinical demand. We would expect approximately one child per class of 30 to have clinically significant tinnitus which is, by definition, problematic.

PMID: 26804253 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

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Did ear sensory cell stereocilia evolve from gut microvilli?

Evolution likes to borrow. It can take an already-successful biological structure and alter it until it serves a new function.

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Did ear sensory cell stereocilia evolve from gut microvilli?

Evolution likes to borrow. It can take an already-successful biological structure and alter it until it serves a new function.

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Dynamically adjustable foot-ground contact model to estimate ground reaction force during walking and running

Publication date: March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 45
Author(s): Yihwan Jung, Moonki Jung, Jiseon Ryu, Sukhoon Yoon, Sang-Kyoon Park, Seungbum Koo
Human dynamic models have been used to estimate joint kinetics during various activities. Kinetics estimation is in demand in sports and clinical applications where data on external forces, such as the ground reaction force (GRF), are not available. The purpose of this study was to estimate the GRF during gait by utilizing distance- and velocity-dependent force models between the foot and ground in an inverse-dynamics-based optimization. Ten males were tested as they walked at four different speeds on a force plate-embedded treadmill system. The full-GRF model whose foot-ground reaction elements were dynamically adjusted according to vertical displacement and anterior-posterior speed between the foot and ground was implemented in a full-body skeletal model. The model estimated the vertical and shear forces of the GRF from body kinematics. The shear-GRF model with dynamically adjustable shear reaction elements according to the input vertical force was also implemented in the foot of a full-body skeletal model. Shear forces of the GRF were estimated from body kinematics, vertical GRF, and center of pressure. The estimated full GRF had the lowest root mean square (RMS) errors at the slow walking speed (1.0m/s) with 4.2, 1.3, and 5.7% BW for anterior–posterior, medial–lateral, and vertical forces, respectively. The estimated shear forces were not significantly different between the full-GRF and shear-GRF models, but the RMS errors of the estimated knee joint kinetics were significantly lower for the shear-GRF model. Providing COP and vertical GRF with sensors, such as an insole-type pressure mat, can help estimate shear forces of the GRF and increase accuracy for estimation of joint kinetics.



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Dynamically adjustable foot-ground contact model to estimate ground reaction force during walking and running

Publication date: March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 45
Author(s): Yihwan Jung, Moonki Jung, Jiseon Ryu, Sukhoon Yoon, Sang-Kyoon Park, Seungbum Koo
Human dynamic models have been used to estimate joint kinetics during various activities. Kinetics estimation is in demand in sports and clinical applications where data on external forces, such as the ground reaction force (GRF), are not available. The purpose of this study was to estimate the GRF during gait by utilizing distance- and velocity-dependent force models between the foot and ground in an inverse-dynamics-based optimization. Ten males were tested as they walked at four different speeds on a force plate-embedded treadmill system. The full-GRF model whose foot-ground reaction elements were dynamically adjusted according to vertical displacement and anterior-posterior speed between the foot and ground was implemented in a full-body skeletal model. The model estimated the vertical and shear forces of the GRF from body kinematics. The shear-GRF model with dynamically adjustable shear reaction elements according to the input vertical force was also implemented in the foot of a full-body skeletal model. Shear forces of the GRF were estimated from body kinematics, vertical GRF, and center of pressure. The estimated full GRF had the lowest root mean square (RMS) errors at the slow walking speed (1.0m/s) with 4.2, 1.3, and 5.7% BW for anterior–posterior, medial–lateral, and vertical forces, respectively. The estimated shear forces were not significantly different between the full-GRF and shear-GRF models, but the RMS errors of the estimated knee joint kinetics were significantly lower for the shear-GRF model. Providing COP and vertical GRF with sensors, such as an insole-type pressure mat, can help estimate shear forces of the GRF and increase accuracy for estimation of joint kinetics.



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Dynamically adjustable foot-ground contact model to estimate ground reaction force during walking and running

Publication date: March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture, Volume 45
Author(s): Yihwan Jung, Moonki Jung, Jiseon Ryu, Sukhoon Yoon, Sang-Kyoon Park, Seungbum Koo
Human dynamic models have been used to estimate joint kinetics during various activities. Kinetics estimation is in demand in sports and clinical applications where data on external forces, such as the ground reaction force (GRF), are not available. The purpose of this study was to estimate the GRF during gait by utilizing distance- and velocity-dependent force models between the foot and ground in an inverse-dynamics-based optimization. Ten males were tested as they walked at four different speeds on a force plate-embedded treadmill system. The full-GRF model whose foot-ground reaction elements were dynamically adjusted according to vertical displacement and anterior-posterior speed between the foot and ground was implemented in a full-body skeletal model. The model estimated the vertical and shear forces of the GRF from body kinematics. The shear-GRF model with dynamically adjustable shear reaction elements according to the input vertical force was also implemented in the foot of a full-body skeletal model. Shear forces of the GRF were estimated from body kinematics, vertical GRF, and center of pressure. The estimated full GRF had the lowest root mean square (RMS) errors at the slow walking speed (1.0m/s) with 4.2, 1.3, and 5.7% BW for anterior–posterior, medial–lateral, and vertical forces, respectively. The estimated shear forces were not significantly different between the full-GRF and shear-GRF models, but the RMS errors of the estimated knee joint kinetics were significantly lower for the shear-GRF model. Providing COP and vertical GRF with sensors, such as an insole-type pressure mat, can help estimate shear forces of the GRF and increase accuracy for estimation of joint kinetics.



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