The Effect of Presentation Mode and Production Type on Word Memory for Hearing Impaired Signers.

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The Effect of Presentation Mode and Production Type on Word Memory for Hearing Impaired Signers.

J Am Acad Audiol. 2018 Nov/Dec;29(10):875-884

Authors: Swead RT, Mama Y, Icht M

Abstract
BACKGROUND: Production effect (PE) is a memory phenomenon referring to better memory for produced (vocalized) than for non-produced (silently read) items. Reading aloud was found to improve verbal memory for normal-hearing individuals, as well as for cochlear implant users, studying visually and aurally presented material.
PURPOSE: The present study tested the effect of presentation mode (written or signed) and production type (vocalization or signing) on word memory in a group of hearing impaired young adults, sign-language users.
RESEARCH DESIGN: A PE paradigm was used, in which participants learned lexical items by two presentation modes, written or signed. We evaluated the efficacy of two types of productions: vocalization and signing, using a free recall test.
STUDY SAMPLE: Twenty hearing-impaired young adults, Israeli sign language (ISL) users, participated in the study, ten individuals who mainly use manual communication (MC) (ISL as a first language), and ten who mainly use total communication (TC).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: For each condition, we calculated the proportion of study words recalled. A mixed-design analysis of variance was conducted, with learning condition (written-vocalize, written-signed, and manual-signed) and production type (production and no-production) as within-subject variables, and group (MC and TC) as a between-subject variable.
RESULTS: Production benefit was documented across all learning conditions, with better memory for produced over non-produced words. Recall rates were higher when learning written words relative to signed words. Production by signing yielded better memory relative to vocalizing.
CONCLUSIONS: The results are explained in light of the encoding distinctiveness account, namely, the larger the number of unique encoding processes involved at study, the better the memory benefit.

PMID: 30479260 [PubMed - in process]

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