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StatPearls

Book. 2018 01

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Abstract
Special education is the process by which students with special needs are educated by the process of addressing their differences while integrating them as much as possible in the typical environment where their peers are educated. Success, measured as self-sufficiency, academic achievement, and future contributions to the community may not be achieved if the student is not provided this additional help. In the United States and many other countries, children who have educational needs are entitled by law to the identification of these needs, to be evaluated, and to receive services and accommodations that will help them perform to the best of their abilities and reach their academic potential. Special needs can include learning disabilities, speech and language impairments, autism spectrum disorders, cognitive impairments, emotional and behavioral disorders, physical disabilities like cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophies, sensory impairments like vision or hearing, chronic medical illnesses, and any condition that affects optimal education. Whenever possible, the needs of these students should be met in the same environment where typically developing peers learn. Only when progress is lacking in this mainstream setting, then a different classroom placement can be selected for their education. This new setting may include fewer students in the classroom, more teachers, or an increased level of support. The process of moving a child from the typical classroom or educational setting to a more restrictive one is gradual. Emphasis should be placed on finding the balance where the students' educational needs are met in the least restrictive environment.

PMID: 29763032

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