Publication date: Available online 21 May 2018
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Francisco Cabello Luque, Cristina Mazón Morillas
IntroducciónEstudios previos han señalado la alta iconicidad de los signos pictográficos de ARASAAC, pero no existen datos que demuestren si esa mayor iconicidad está relacionada también con una mejor adquisición. Por tanto, este trabajo tiene como objetivo comparar la iconicidad y la facilidad de aprendizaje de los símbolos pictográficos de ARASAAC, SPC y Bliss en 24 menores (de edad entre 38 y 69 meses) diagnosticados con retraso del lenguaje, trastorno específico del lenguaje o trastorno del espectro autista.MetodologíaEl estudio se dividió en 4 sesiones: una evaluación inicial, 2 sesiones de entrenamiento y un seguimiento final. En cada sesión se presentó un total de 30 grupos de pictogramas correspondientes a nombres, verbos y adjetivos, y la tarea de los participantes era señalar el pictograma del grupo que correspondiera a una palabra presentada oralmente.ResultadosLos pictogramas de ARASAAC obtuvieron una mayor iconicidad que la de los símbolos SPC y Bliss, aunque el valor varió en función de la categoría gramatical. Igualmente, los símbolos de ARASAAC fueron los más fáciles de aprender y los que tuvieron mayor retención del aprendizaje después de una semana.DiscusiónEstos hallazgos son coherentes con la hipótesis de transparencia, pues los símbolos con mayor iconicidad fueron los más fáciles de aprender en las fases iniciales y durante el seguimiento, lo que señala la superioridad del conjunto de pictogramas de ARASAAC frente a otros conjuntos empleados habitualmente, en términos de facilidad de aprendizaje.IntroductionAlthough previous studies have indicated the high iconicity of the ARASAAC pictographic symbols, currently there are no data that demonstrate whether this higher degree of iconicity is also related with a better acquisition. Therefore, this work is aimed at comparing the iconicity and ease of learning of the ARASAAC, PCS and Bliss pictographic symbols in a group of 24 children (aged from 38 to 69 months) diagnosed with language delay, specific language impairment or autism spectrum disorder.MethodologyThe study was divided into 4 sessions: an initial assessment, 2 training sessions and a final follow-up. During each session, 30 groups of pictograms representing nouns, verbs and adjectives were presented, and the participant task was to point to the pictogram that corresponded to the meaning of a word presented orally.ResultsPictograms from the ARASAAC set obtained a higher iconicity compared to the PCS and Bliss symbols, although it varied across grammatical categories. Furthermore, the ARASAAC symbols were easier to learn and showed higher retention level after a week.DiscussionThese findings are in accordance with the transparency hypothesis as symbols with higher iconicity were the easiest to learn at the beginning of the training sessions and during follow-up, which demonstrates the superiority of the ARASAAC pictogram set over other frequently used sets, in terms of ease of learning.
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Τρίτη 22 Μαΐου 2018
Revisión sistemática de la literatura sobre medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación
Publication date: Available online 22 May 2018
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Carlos A. Calvache-Mora, Marco Guzmán-Noriega
ObjetivoEl presente estudio muestra una revisión sistemática de la literatura relacionada con las aplicaciones clínicas e investigativas de las medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación: presión subglótica, flujo transglótico y resistencia glótica.MetodologíaLa revisión se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed y Web Of Science con una ventana temporal 2000-2017. Todos los artículos revisados obtuvieron nivelI. Luego de realizar una evaluación crítica de la evidencia científica, fueron catalogados como estudios clínicos aleatorizados con diseños experimentales.ResultadosSe entregan a partir de la asociación de las medidas aerodinámicas con seis categorías de análisis: a)como método objetivo de evaluación clínica; b)estudios con profesionales de la voz cantada y hablada; c)aplicaciones clínicas e investigativas en patologías laríngeas funcionales; d)investigaciones en diferentes grupos etarios; e)estudios en laringes caninas, y f)estudios en ejercicios con tracto vocal semiocluido.ConclusionesSe demuestra la objetividad de aplicar medidas aerodinámicas en los estudios de la voz patológica y profesional; las medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación pueden aplicarse en población tanto pediátrica como adulta, y en adultos mayores.ObjectiveThe present study shows a systematic review of the literature, related to the clinical and investigative implementations of aerodynamic measurements of phonation: subglottic pressure, transglottic airflow and glottal resistance.MethodThe review was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases with a time window 2000-2017. All articles reviewed obtained levelI. After performing a critical assessment of the scientific evidence, articles were classified as randomized clinical studies with experimental designs.ResultsThey are delivered from the association of aerodynamic measurements with six categories of analysis: a)as an objective method for clinical evaluation; b)studies with professional singing and speaking voice users; c)clinical and research implementations in functional laryngeal pathologies; d)research in different age groups; e)studies in canine larynx; and f)studies in voice exercises with semi-occluded vocal tract.ConclusionsThe objectivity of implementing aerodynamic measures in pathological and professional voice studies is demonstrated; the aerodynamic measures of phonation can be applied in the pediatric population, as well as in adults and the elderly.
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Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Carlos A. Calvache-Mora, Marco Guzmán-Noriega
ObjetivoEl presente estudio muestra una revisión sistemática de la literatura relacionada con las aplicaciones clínicas e investigativas de las medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación: presión subglótica, flujo transglótico y resistencia glótica.MetodologíaLa revisión se realizó en las bases de datos PubMed y Web Of Science con una ventana temporal 2000-2017. Todos los artículos revisados obtuvieron nivelI. Luego de realizar una evaluación crítica de la evidencia científica, fueron catalogados como estudios clínicos aleatorizados con diseños experimentales.ResultadosSe entregan a partir de la asociación de las medidas aerodinámicas con seis categorías de análisis: a)como método objetivo de evaluación clínica; b)estudios con profesionales de la voz cantada y hablada; c)aplicaciones clínicas e investigativas en patologías laríngeas funcionales; d)investigaciones en diferentes grupos etarios; e)estudios en laringes caninas, y f)estudios en ejercicios con tracto vocal semiocluido.ConclusionesSe demuestra la objetividad de aplicar medidas aerodinámicas en los estudios de la voz patológica y profesional; las medidas aerodinámicas de la fonación pueden aplicarse en población tanto pediátrica como adulta, y en adultos mayores.ObjectiveThe present study shows a systematic review of the literature, related to the clinical and investigative implementations of aerodynamic measurements of phonation: subglottic pressure, transglottic airflow and glottal resistance.MethodThe review was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases with a time window 2000-2017. All articles reviewed obtained levelI. After performing a critical assessment of the scientific evidence, articles were classified as randomized clinical studies with experimental designs.ResultsThey are delivered from the association of aerodynamic measurements with six categories of analysis: a)as an objective method for clinical evaluation; b)studies with professional singing and speaking voice users; c)clinical and research implementations in functional laryngeal pathologies; d)research in different age groups; e)studies in canine larynx; and f)studies in voice exercises with semi-occluded vocal tract.ConclusionsThe objectivity of implementing aerodynamic measures in pathological and professional voice studies is demonstrated; the aerodynamic measures of phonation can be applied in the pediatric population, as well as in adults and the elderly.
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Δευτέρα 21 Μαΐου 2018
Contribution of Cochlear Compression to Discrimination of Rippled Spectra in On- and Low-frequency Noise
Abstract
The goal of the study was to assess cochlear compression when rippled-spectrum signals are perceived in noise assuming that the noise might produce both masking and confounding effects. In normal listeners, discrimination between rippled signals with and without ripple phase reversals was assessed in background noise. The signals were band-limited (0.5 oct at a − 6-dB level) rippled noise centered at 2 kHz, with a ripple density of 3.5 oct−1. The noise (masker) was band-limited nonrippled noise centered at either 2 kHz (on-frequency masker) or 1 kHz (low-frequency masker). The masker was simultaneously presented with the signals. Masker levels at the discrimination threshold were measured as a function of the signal level using the adaptive (staircase) two-alternative forced-choice procedure. For the on-frequency masker, the searched-for function had a slope of 0.98 dB/dB. For the low-frequency masker, the function had a slope of 1.19 dB/dB within a signal level range of 30 to 40 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and as low as 0.15 dB/dB within a signal level range of 70 to 80 dB SPL. These results were interpreted as indicating compression of responses to both the signal and on-frequency masker and no compression of the effect of the low-frequency masker. In conditions when above-threshold signals are presented in simultaneous noise (the masker), cochlear compression manifests to a substantial degree despite possible confounding effects.
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Κυριακή 20 Μαΐου 2018
Infants Prefer Sounds of Other Infants to Adult Sounds
Infants are capable of recognizing vowel-like sounds and prefer to hear these sounds vocalized by other babies, research has found."What we did in this study was that we created vowel sounds that sounded like a 6-month-old speaking and also a female adult speaking," explained lead author Linda Polka, PhD, at her presentation shared by the Acoustical Society of America. "We then presented them to infants to see if they had a preference to listen to one type of sound to the other."
In earlier studies, the subjects were 4- to 5-month-old infants who are not yet in the babbling stage and are not yet vocally active. The infants, seated on their mother's laps, were positioned in front of a screen with a checkerboard pattern. When the babies look at the checkerboard, a sound plays and when they look away it stops. The researchers found out that the subjects spent more time listening to the vocalizations of the infant speaker than to the female adult.
Polka’s team explored why infants prefer to listen to vowel sounds made by other infants. They conducted two follow-up sub-experiments that aimed to answer whether the preference was associated to high voice pitch, which is similar to the infants' mothers', or to the sound's similarities with their own vocal production capabilities.
In another experiment, the researchers only used infant voice resonance without a high voice pitch. Results showed the same preference with the initial experiment. In a third experiment, the researchers matched the vocal pitch of the infant sound with the adult female sound. “We didn't get the same results because the high pitch was very interesting to them," explained Polka. Results of experiment three showed that infant voice pitch was also potent and that infant pitch with formants was not more attractive than pitch alone.
The researchers conducted another set of experiments (experiments four, five, and six) with 7-month-old infants, who are in the babbling stage. Results showed that infants have a strong preference for infant vowel sounds.
Asked about what inspired the study, Polka told The Hearing Journal: "We started this research with a motivated to learn about how infants perceive their own speech, which is critical for them to learn to talk and produce intelligible spoken language Although infants must accurately process infant speech signals to become an intelligible talker, until now, research had not involved infant speech signals because we did not have a way to create well-controlled recordings of infant speech to use in scientific studies."
"The impact of our findings is a richer understanding of how access to infant speech impacts infant development,” she added. “Our findings show that normally developing infants have a strong attraction to infant speech and this seems to make speech processing easier for them. This finding may show – with further research – that this perceptual bias is a positive indicator or milestone in normal language development and that absence of this perceptual bias indicates that a child is at risk for language learning difficulties."
Polka collaborated with Lucie Ménard, a linguistics professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal and an expert in speech production, and Matthew Masapollo, a doctoral student.
Asked about what inspired the study, Polka told The Hearing Journal: "We started this research with a motivated to learn about how infants perceive their own speech, which is critical for them to learn to talk and produce intelligible spoken language Although infants must accurately process infant speech signals to become an intelligible talker, until now, research had not involved infant speech signals because we did not have a way to create well-controlled recordings of infant speech to use in scientific studies."
"The impact of our findings is a richer understanding of how access to infant speech impacts infant development,” she added. “Our findings show that normally developing infants have a strong attraction to infant speech and this seems to make speech processing easier for them. This finding may show – with further research – that this perceptual bias is a positive indicator or milestone in normal language development and that absence of this perceptual bias indicates that a child is at risk for language learning difficulties."
Polka collaborated with Lucie Ménard, a linguistics professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal and an expert in speech production, and Matthew Masapollo, a doctoral student.
Published: 5/14/2018 4:07:00 PM
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Infants Prefer Sounds of Other Infants to Adult Sounds
Infants are capable of recognizing vowel-like sounds and prefer to hear these sounds vocalized by other babies, research has found."What we did in this study was that we created vowel sounds that sounded like a 6-month-old speaking and also a female adult speaking," explained lead author Linda Polka, PhD, at her presentation shared by the Acoustical Society of America. "We then presented them to infants to see if they had a preference to listen to one type of sound to the other."
In earlier studies, the subjects were 4- to 5-month-old infants who are not yet in the babbling stage and are not yet vocally active. The infants, seated on their mother's laps, were positioned in front of a screen with a checkerboard pattern. When the babies look at the checkerboard, a sound plays and when they look away it stops. The researchers found out that the subjects spent more time listening to the vocalizations of the infant speaker than to the female adult.
Polka’s team explored why infants prefer to listen to vowel sounds made by other infants. They conducted two follow-up sub-experiments that aimed to answer whether the preference was associated to high voice pitch, which is similar to the infants' mothers', or to the sound's similarities with their own vocal production capabilities.
In another experiment, the researchers only used infant voice resonance without a high voice pitch. Results showed the same preference with the initial experiment. In a third experiment, the researchers matched the vocal pitch of the infant sound with the adult female sound. “We didn't get the same results because the high pitch was very interesting to them," explained Polka. Results of experiment three showed that infant voice pitch was also potent and that infant pitch with formants was not more attractive than pitch alone.
The researchers conducted another set of experiments (experiments four, five, and six) with 7-month-old infants, who are in the babbling stage. Results showed that infants have a strong preference for infant vowel sounds.
Asked about what inspired the study, Polka told The Hearing Journal: "We started this research with a motivated to learn about how infants perceive their own speech, which is critical for them to learn to talk and produce intelligible spoken language Although infants must accurately process infant speech signals to become an intelligible talker, until now, research had not involved infant speech signals because we did not have a way to create well-controlled recordings of infant speech to use in scientific studies."
"The impact of our findings is a richer understanding of how access to infant speech impacts infant development,” she added. “Our findings show that normally developing infants have a strong attraction to infant speech and this seems to make speech processing easier for them. This finding may show – with further research – that this perceptual bias is a positive indicator or milestone in normal language development and that absence of this perceptual bias indicates that a child is at risk for language learning difficulties."
Polka collaborated with Lucie Ménard, a linguistics professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal and an expert in speech production, and Matthew Masapollo, a doctoral student.
Asked about what inspired the study, Polka told The Hearing Journal: "We started this research with a motivated to learn about how infants perceive their own speech, which is critical for them to learn to talk and produce intelligible spoken language Although infants must accurately process infant speech signals to become an intelligible talker, until now, research had not involved infant speech signals because we did not have a way to create well-controlled recordings of infant speech to use in scientific studies."
"The impact of our findings is a richer understanding of how access to infant speech impacts infant development,” she added. “Our findings show that normally developing infants have a strong attraction to infant speech and this seems to make speech processing easier for them. This finding may show – with further research – that this perceptual bias is a positive indicator or milestone in normal language development and that absence of this perceptual bias indicates that a child is at risk for language learning difficulties."
Polka collaborated with Lucie Ménard, a linguistics professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal and an expert in speech production, and Matthew Masapollo, a doctoral student.
Published: 5/14/2018 4:07:00 PM
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Infants Prefer Sounds of Other Infants to Adult Sounds
Infants are capable of recognizing vowel-like sounds and prefer to hear these sounds vocalized by other babies, research has found."What we did in this study was that we created vowel sounds that sounded like a 6-month-old speaking and also a female adult speaking," explained lead author Linda Polka, PhD, at her presentation shared by the Acoustical Society of America. "We then presented them to infants to see if they had a preference to listen to one type of sound to the other."
In earlier studies, the subjects were 4- to 5-month-old infants who are not yet in the babbling stage and are not yet vocally active. The infants, seated on their mother's laps, were positioned in front of a screen with a checkerboard pattern. When the babies look at the checkerboard, a sound plays and when they look away it stops. The researchers found out that the subjects spent more time listening to the vocalizations of the infant speaker than to the female adult.
Polka’s team explored why infants prefer to listen to vowel sounds made by other infants. They conducted two follow-up sub-experiments that aimed to answer whether the preference was associated to high voice pitch, which is similar to the infants' mothers', or to the sound's similarities with their own vocal production capabilities.
In another experiment, the researchers only used infant voice resonance without a high voice pitch. Results showed the same preference with the initial experiment. In a third experiment, the researchers matched the vocal pitch of the infant sound with the adult female sound. “We didn't get the same results because the high pitch was very interesting to them," explained Polka. Results of experiment three showed that infant voice pitch was also potent and that infant pitch with formants was not more attractive than pitch alone.
The researchers conducted another set of experiments (experiments four, five, and six) with 7-month-old infants, who are in the babbling stage. Results showed that infants have a strong preference for infant vowel sounds.
Asked about what inspired the study, Polka told The Hearing Journal: "We started this research with a motivated to learn about how infants perceive their own speech, which is critical for them to learn to talk and produce intelligible spoken language Although infants must accurately process infant speech signals to become an intelligible talker, until now, research had not involved infant speech signals because we did not have a way to create well-controlled recordings of infant speech to use in scientific studies."
"The impact of our findings is a richer understanding of how access to infant speech impacts infant development,” she added. “Our findings show that normally developing infants have a strong attraction to infant speech and this seems to make speech processing easier for them. This finding may show – with further research – that this perceptual bias is a positive indicator or milestone in normal language development and that absence of this perceptual bias indicates that a child is at risk for language learning difficulties."
Polka collaborated with Lucie Ménard, a linguistics professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal and an expert in speech production, and Matthew Masapollo, a doctoral student.
Asked about what inspired the study, Polka told The Hearing Journal: "We started this research with a motivated to learn about how infants perceive their own speech, which is critical for them to learn to talk and produce intelligible spoken language Although infants must accurately process infant speech signals to become an intelligible talker, until now, research had not involved infant speech signals because we did not have a way to create well-controlled recordings of infant speech to use in scientific studies."
"The impact of our findings is a richer understanding of how access to infant speech impacts infant development,” she added. “Our findings show that normally developing infants have a strong attraction to infant speech and this seems to make speech processing easier for them. This finding may show – with further research – that this perceptual bias is a positive indicator or milestone in normal language development and that absence of this perceptual bias indicates that a child is at risk for language learning difficulties."
Polka collaborated with Lucie Ménard, a linguistics professor at the University of Quebec in Montreal and an expert in speech production, and Matthew Masapollo, a doctoral student.
Published: 5/14/2018 4:07:00 PM
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The conserved p.Arg108 residue in S1PR2 (DFNB68) is fundamental for proper hearing: evidence from a consanguineous Iranian family.
| Related Articles |
The conserved p.Arg108 residue in S1PR2 (DFNB68) is fundamental for proper hearing: evidence from a consanguineous Iranian family.
BMC Med Genet. 2018 May 18;19(1):81
Authors: Hofrichter MAH, Mojarad M, Doll J, Grimm C, Eslahi A, Hosseini NS, Rajati M, Müller T, Dittrich M, Maroofian R, Haaf T, Vona B
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Genetic heterogeneity and consanguineous marriages make recessive inherited hearing loss in Iran the second most common genetic disorder. Only two reported pathogenic variants (c.323G>C, p.Arg108Pro and c.419A>G, p.Tyr140Cys) in the S1PR2 gene have previously been linked to autosomal recessive hearing loss (DFNB68) in two Pakistani families. We describe a segregating novel homozygous c.323G>A, p.Arg108Gln pathogenic variant in S1PR2 that was identified in four affected individuals from a consanguineous five generation Iranian family.
METHODS: Whole exome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis of 116 hearing loss-associated genes was performed in an affected individual from a five generation Iranian family. Segregation analysis and 3D protein modeling of the p.Arg108 exchange was performed.
RESULTS: The two Pakistani families previously identified with S1PR2 pathogenic variants presented profound hearing loss that is also observed in the affected Iranian individuals described in the current study. Interestingly, we confirmed mixed hearing loss in one affected individual. 3D protein modeling suggests that the p.Arg108 position plays a key role in ligand receptor interaction, which is disturbed by the p.Arg108Gln change.
CONCLUSION: In summary, we report the third overall mutation in S1PR2 and the first report outside the Pakistani population. Furthermore, we describe a novel variant that causes an amino acid exchange (p.Arg108Gln) in the same amino acid residue as one of the previously reported Pakistani families (p.Arg108Pro). This finding emphasizes the importance of the p.Arg108 amino acid in normal hearing and confirms and consolidates the role of S1PR2 in autosomal recessive hearing loss.
PMID: 29776397 [PubMed - in process]
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