Τετάρτη 23 Νοεμβρίου 2016

Electrocochleography in Cochlear Implant Recipients With Residual Hearing: Comparison With Audiometric Thresholds.

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Objectives: To determine whether electrocochleography (ECoG) thresholds, especially cochlear microphonic and auditory nerve neurophonic thresholds, measured using an intracochlear electrode, can be used to predict pure-tone audiometric thresholds following cochlear implantation in ears with residual hearing. Design: Pure-tone audiometric thresholds and ECoG waveforms were measured at test frequencies from 125 to 4000 Hz in 21 Advanced Bionics cochlear implant recipients with residual hearing in the implanted ear. The "difference" and "summation" responses were computed from the ECoG waveforms measured from two alternating phases of stimulation. The interpretation is that difference responses are largely from the cochlear microphonic while summating responses are largely from the auditory nerve neurophonic. The pure-tone audiometric thresholds were also measured with same equipment used for ECoG measurements. Results: Difference responses were observed in all 21 implanted ears, whereas summation response waveforms were observed in only 18 ears. The ECoG thresholds strongly correlated (r2 = 0.87, n = 150 for difference response; r2 = 0.82, n = 72 for summation response) with audiometric thresholds. The mean difference between the difference response and audiometric thresholds was -3.2 (+/-9.0) dB, while the mean difference between summation response and audiometric thresholds was -14 (+/-11) dB. In four out of 37 measurements, difference responses were measured to frequencies where no behavioral thresholds were present. Conclusions: ECoG thresholds may provide a useful metric for the assessment of residual hearing in cochlear implant subjects for whom it is not possible to perform behavioral audiometric testing. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Electrocochleography in Cochlear Implant Recipients With Residual Hearing: Comparison With Audiometric Thresholds.

wk-health-logo.gif

Objectives: To determine whether electrocochleography (ECoG) thresholds, especially cochlear microphonic and auditory nerve neurophonic thresholds, measured using an intracochlear electrode, can be used to predict pure-tone audiometric thresholds following cochlear implantation in ears with residual hearing. Design: Pure-tone audiometric thresholds and ECoG waveforms were measured at test frequencies from 125 to 4000 Hz in 21 Advanced Bionics cochlear implant recipients with residual hearing in the implanted ear. The "difference" and "summation" responses were computed from the ECoG waveforms measured from two alternating phases of stimulation. The interpretation is that difference responses are largely from the cochlear microphonic while summating responses are largely from the auditory nerve neurophonic. The pure-tone audiometric thresholds were also measured with same equipment used for ECoG measurements. Results: Difference responses were observed in all 21 implanted ears, whereas summation response waveforms were observed in only 18 ears. The ECoG thresholds strongly correlated (r2 = 0.87, n = 150 for difference response; r2 = 0.82, n = 72 for summation response) with audiometric thresholds. The mean difference between the difference response and audiometric thresholds was -3.2 (+/-9.0) dB, while the mean difference between summation response and audiometric thresholds was -14 (+/-11) dB. In four out of 37 measurements, difference responses were measured to frequencies where no behavioral thresholds were present. Conclusions: ECoG thresholds may provide a useful metric for the assessment of residual hearing in cochlear implant subjects for whom it is not possible to perform behavioral audiometric testing. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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Electrocochleography in Cochlear Implant Recipients With Residual Hearing: Comparison With Audiometric Thresholds.

wk-health-logo.gif

Objectives: To determine whether electrocochleography (ECoG) thresholds, especially cochlear microphonic and auditory nerve neurophonic thresholds, measured using an intracochlear electrode, can be used to predict pure-tone audiometric thresholds following cochlear implantation in ears with residual hearing. Design: Pure-tone audiometric thresholds and ECoG waveforms were measured at test frequencies from 125 to 4000 Hz in 21 Advanced Bionics cochlear implant recipients with residual hearing in the implanted ear. The "difference" and "summation" responses were computed from the ECoG waveforms measured from two alternating phases of stimulation. The interpretation is that difference responses are largely from the cochlear microphonic while summating responses are largely from the auditory nerve neurophonic. The pure-tone audiometric thresholds were also measured with same equipment used for ECoG measurements. Results: Difference responses were observed in all 21 implanted ears, whereas summation response waveforms were observed in only 18 ears. The ECoG thresholds strongly correlated (r2 = 0.87, n = 150 for difference response; r2 = 0.82, n = 72 for summation response) with audiometric thresholds. The mean difference between the difference response and audiometric thresholds was -3.2 (+/-9.0) dB, while the mean difference between summation response and audiometric thresholds was -14 (+/-11) dB. In four out of 37 measurements, difference responses were measured to frequencies where no behavioral thresholds were present. Conclusions: ECoG thresholds may provide a useful metric for the assessment of residual hearing in cochlear implant subjects for whom it is not possible to perform behavioral audiometric testing. Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.

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La memoria de trabajo, capacidad y procedimientos, en el trastorno específico del lenguaje: análisis visual de eventos y su expresión oral

Publication date: Available online 23 November 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Miquel Serra, Liliana Henríquez, Thaïs Lorenzo, Noelia Duque
ObjetivoEste estudio se enmarca en la perspectiva teórica de considerar las habilidades cognitivas como factores contribuyentes al trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL). El propósito de la investigación es clarificar si se dan diferencias en los procedimientos empleados en la memoria de trabajo (MdT) de los TEL. El experimento comparativo realizado concierne a la percepción visual, la representación y la descripción de unas imágenes que ilustran eventos de tipo mental.MétodoSe estudian 2 grupos de 13 niños y niñas, de entre 5 y 8 años, uno con TEL y otro de desarrollo normal (DN) de control. La tarea experimental, registrada con eye tracker y vídeo, consiste en el análisis visual de las áreas de interés de las imágenes mentales y su descripción oral, que requiere 2 verbos.ResultadosLas diferencias esperadas en el análisis visual no se han confirmado en su conjunto. Sí lo han sido para la fluidez, la velocidad en el inicio de la descripción, el desorden de los constituyentes y el tiempo empleado hasta el inicio de los verbos. Todos ellos son informativos de diferencias en los procesos de la MdT. Entre los TEL menores las diferencias han sido más amplias que entre los mayores.ConclusiónLas diferencias halladas apuntan a la existencia de múltiples procesamientos diferenciados en el grado de habilidad (datos temporales) y solo alguno, como la planificación y el orden de los constituyentes, son distintos. Estas diferencias son mucho más claras para los TEL menores.PurposeThis study is grounded on the perspective which holds that cognitive abilities contribute to the specific language impairment (SLI). The goal of this research is to find out if distinct procedures can be measures and identified in their working memory (WM). The task employed in the comparative experiment involves the visual analysis and perception of events, its representations and description of images depicting mental events.MethodTwo groups of 13 children from 5 to 8 years old, SLI and a normal developing group (ND) conform the sample. The study comprises the eye tracked visual analysis of images illustrating mental events, and their video registered oral description that requires 2 verbs.ResultsThe results of the visual analysis have not supported the majority of predictions. They validated only the predictions about fluency, readiness in the beginning of the oral description, the clutter of constituents, and the time elapsed until uttering the verbs. All of them are informative about the processes hold in the WM. The differences with young SLI have been much more important than those found in the older groups.ConclusionThe results reflect some differences in the non verbal WM procedures, mainly in their level of cognitive proficiency (temporal data), and only some, like planning and constituent order have been found diverse. The differences are much more evident for the young SLI group.



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La memoria de trabajo, capacidad y procedimientos, en el trastorno específico del lenguaje: análisis visual de eventos y su expresión oral

Publication date: Available online 23 November 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Miquel Serra, Liliana Henríquez, Thaïs Lorenzo, Noelia Duque
ObjetivoEste estudio se enmarca en la perspectiva teórica de considerar las habilidades cognitivas como factores contribuyentes al trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL). El propósito de la investigación es clarificar si se dan diferencias en los procedimientos empleados en la memoria de trabajo (MdT) de los TEL. El experimento comparativo realizado concierne a la percepción visual, la representación y la descripción de unas imágenes que ilustran eventos de tipo mental.MétodoSe estudian 2 grupos de 13 niños y niñas, de entre 5 y 8 años, uno con TEL y otro de desarrollo normal (DN) de control. La tarea experimental, registrada con eye tracker y vídeo, consiste en el análisis visual de las áreas de interés de las imágenes mentales y su descripción oral, que requiere 2 verbos.ResultadosLas diferencias esperadas en el análisis visual no se han confirmado en su conjunto. Sí lo han sido para la fluidez, la velocidad en el inicio de la descripción, el desorden de los constituyentes y el tiempo empleado hasta el inicio de los verbos. Todos ellos son informativos de diferencias en los procesos de la MdT. Entre los TEL menores las diferencias han sido más amplias que entre los mayores.ConclusiónLas diferencias halladas apuntan a la existencia de múltiples procesamientos diferenciados en el grado de habilidad (datos temporales) y solo alguno, como la planificación y el orden de los constituyentes, son distintos. Estas diferencias son mucho más claras para los TEL menores.PurposeThis study is grounded on the perspective which holds that cognitive abilities contribute to the specific language impairment (SLI). The goal of this research is to find out if distinct procedures can be measures and identified in their working memory (WM). The task employed in the comparative experiment involves the visual analysis and perception of events, its representations and description of images depicting mental events.MethodTwo groups of 13 children from 5 to 8 years old, SLI and a normal developing group (ND) conform the sample. The study comprises the eye tracked visual analysis of images illustrating mental events, and their video registered oral description that requires 2 verbs.ResultsThe results of the visual analysis have not supported the majority of predictions. They validated only the predictions about fluency, readiness in the beginning of the oral description, the clutter of constituents, and the time elapsed until uttering the verbs. All of them are informative about the processes hold in the WM. The differences with young SLI have been much more important than those found in the older groups.ConclusionThe results reflect some differences in the non verbal WM procedures, mainly in their level of cognitive proficiency (temporal data), and only some, like planning and constituent order have been found diverse. The differences are much more evident for the young SLI group.



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La memoria de trabajo, capacidad y procedimientos, en el trastorno específico del lenguaje: análisis visual de eventos y su expresión oral

Publication date: Available online 23 November 2016
Source:Revista de Logopedia, Foniatría y Audiología
Author(s): Miquel Serra, Liliana Henríquez, Thaïs Lorenzo, Noelia Duque
ObjetivoEste estudio se enmarca en la perspectiva teórica de considerar las habilidades cognitivas como factores contribuyentes al trastorno específico del lenguaje (TEL). El propósito de la investigación es clarificar si se dan diferencias en los procedimientos empleados en la memoria de trabajo (MdT) de los TEL. El experimento comparativo realizado concierne a la percepción visual, la representación y la descripción de unas imágenes que ilustran eventos de tipo mental.MétodoSe estudian 2 grupos de 13 niños y niñas, de entre 5 y 8 años, uno con TEL y otro de desarrollo normal (DN) de control. La tarea experimental, registrada con eye tracker y vídeo, consiste en el análisis visual de las áreas de interés de las imágenes mentales y su descripción oral, que requiere 2 verbos.ResultadosLas diferencias esperadas en el análisis visual no se han confirmado en su conjunto. Sí lo han sido para la fluidez, la velocidad en el inicio de la descripción, el desorden de los constituyentes y el tiempo empleado hasta el inicio de los verbos. Todos ellos son informativos de diferencias en los procesos de la MdT. Entre los TEL menores las diferencias han sido más amplias que entre los mayores.ConclusiónLas diferencias halladas apuntan a la existencia de múltiples procesamientos diferenciados en el grado de habilidad (datos temporales) y solo alguno, como la planificación y el orden de los constituyentes, son distintos. Estas diferencias son mucho más claras para los TEL menores.PurposeThis study is grounded on the perspective which holds that cognitive abilities contribute to the specific language impairment (SLI). The goal of this research is to find out if distinct procedures can be measures and identified in their working memory (WM). The task employed in the comparative experiment involves the visual analysis and perception of events, its representations and description of images depicting mental events.MethodTwo groups of 13 children from 5 to 8 years old, SLI and a normal developing group (ND) conform the sample. The study comprises the eye tracked visual analysis of images illustrating mental events, and their video registered oral description that requires 2 verbs.ResultsThe results of the visual analysis have not supported the majority of predictions. They validated only the predictions about fluency, readiness in the beginning of the oral description, the clutter of constituents, and the time elapsed until uttering the verbs. All of them are informative about the processes hold in the WM. The differences with young SLI have been much more important than those found in the older groups.ConclusionThe results reflect some differences in the non verbal WM procedures, mainly in their level of cognitive proficiency (temporal data), and only some, like planning and constituent order have been found diverse. The differences are much more evident for the young SLI group.



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Evidence that hidden hearing loss underlies amplitude modulation encoding deficits in individuals with and without tinnitus

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Publication date: Available online 23 November 2016
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Brandon T. Paul, Ian C. Bruce, Larry E. Roberts
Damage to auditory nerve fibers that expresses with suprathreshold sounds but is hidden from the audiogram has been proposed to underlie deficits in temporal coding ability observed among individuals with otherwise normal hearing, and to be present in individuals experiencing chronic tinnitus with clinically normal audiograms. We tested whether these individuals may have hidden synaptic losses on auditory nerve fibers with low spontaneous rates of firing (low-SR fibers) that are important for coding suprathreshold sounds in noise while high-SR fibers determining threshold responses in quiet remain relatively unaffected. Tinnitus and control subjects were required to detect the presence of amplitude modulation (AM) in a 5 kHz, suprathreshold tone (a frequency in the tinnitus frequency region of the tinnitus subjects, whose audiometric thresholds were normal to 12 kHz). The AM tone was embedded within background noise intended to degrade the contribution of high-SR fibers, such that AM coding was preferentially reliant on low-SR fibers. We also recorded by electroencephalography the “envelope following response” (EFR, generated in the auditory midbrain) to a 5 kHz, 85 Hz AM tone presented in the same background noise, and also in quiet (both low-SR and high-SR fibers contributing to AM coding in the latter condition). Control subjects with EFRs that were comparatively resistant to the addition of background noise had better AM detection thresholds than controls whose EFRs were more affected by noise. Simulated auditory nerve responses to our stimulus conditions using a well-established peripheral model suggested that low-SR fibers were better preserved in the former cases. Tinnitus subjects had worse AM detection thresholds and reduced EFRs overall compared to controls. Simulated auditory nerve responses found that in addition to severe low-SR fiber loss, a degree of high-SR fiber loss that would not be expected to affect audiometric thresholds was needed to explain the results in tinnitus subjects. The results indicate that hidden hearing loss could be sufficient to account for impaired temporal coding in individuals with normal audiograms as well as for cases of tinnitus without audiometric hearing loss.



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