Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Félix Chénier, Audrey Champagne, Guillaume Desroches, Dany H. Gagnon
BackgroundManual wheelchair (MWC) propulsion is increasingly assessed on a motorized treadmill (TM), which is often considered more ecologically valid than stationary rollers. However, no clear consensus on the similarities between overground (OG) and TM propulsion has yet been reached. Furthermore, no study has investigated the participants’ perceptions of propelling a MWC on a TM compared to OG.Research questionThe present study aims to assess the perception of speed when propelling on a TM vs OG, and to relate this perception to measured spatiotemporal variables, kinetics and work.MethodsIn this crossover study, the propulsion’s spatiotemporal variables, kinetics, and work of nineteen experienced wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury were compared between three conditions: 1) OG at a self-selected speed, 2) on a TM at a self-selected speed perceived as being similar to the OG speed (TMperceived), and 3) on a TM at the same speed as OG (TMmatched). Each variable was compared between conditions using an analysis of variance for repeated measures.ResultsAll participants selected a lower speed for TMperceived than OG, with a difference of −0.6 m/s (−44%). This adaptation may be due to a combination of two factors: 1) the absence of speed information, and 2) the feeling of urgency to grab the wheels during the recovery phase. The power output, work per cycle, and work per minute were also much lower on TMperceived than OG. However, in contrast to other work on MWC propulsion on a TM, the kinetic variables assessed were all similar between the OG and TMmatched conditions.SignificanceTraining on a TM should be performed at a speed that matches the OG speed and not at a self-selected speed on the TM, which would reduce the power output and work and therefore reduce the efficiency of the training.
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Τρίτη 13 Φεβρουαρίου 2018
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REARFOOT, TIBIA AND FEMUR KINEMATICS IN RUNNERS WITH AND WITHOUT PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Bruna Calazans Luz, Ana Flávia dos Santos, Mariana Carvalho de Souza, Tatiana de Oliveira Sato, Deborah A. Nawoczenski, Fábio Viadanna Serrão
BackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most common running overuse injury. Excessive rearfoot eversion is commonly considered as a PFP risk factor and the relationship between ankle-foot complex movement and lower limb may be involved with this dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between rearfoot eversion with tibia and femur kinematics in frontal and transverse planes during running in individuals with and without PFP. The secondary purpose was to compare the lower limb kinematics between runners with and without PFP.MethodsFifty-four recreational runners were divided into 2 groups: healthy runners (CG, n = 27) and runners with patellofemoral pain (PFPG, n = 27). Kinematics during running were assessed using three-dimensional motion analysis system. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to establish the correlation of rearfoot eversion with tibial and femur movements.FindingsGreater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater peak femur adduction in PFP runners. Greater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater peak tibial internal rotation and tibial adduction in the PFPG and CG. Additionally, greater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater tibial internal rotation range of motion in the PFPG and CG. No significant differences were found between the PFPG and CG for all kinematics variables.InterpretationCorrelation between greater rearfoot eversion and greater peak hip adduction in the PFPG might be related to PFP persistence in runners with excessive rearfoot eversion, and indicates that treatment strategies aimed at controlling the movement of the rearfoot could help modify the symptoms.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Bruna Calazans Luz, Ana Flávia dos Santos, Mariana Carvalho de Souza, Tatiana de Oliveira Sato, Deborah A. Nawoczenski, Fábio Viadanna Serrão
BackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most common running overuse injury. Excessive rearfoot eversion is commonly considered as a PFP risk factor and the relationship between ankle-foot complex movement and lower limb may be involved with this dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between rearfoot eversion with tibia and femur kinematics in frontal and transverse planes during running in individuals with and without PFP. The secondary purpose was to compare the lower limb kinematics between runners with and without PFP.MethodsFifty-four recreational runners were divided into 2 groups: healthy runners (CG, n = 27) and runners with patellofemoral pain (PFPG, n = 27). Kinematics during running were assessed using three-dimensional motion analysis system. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to establish the correlation of rearfoot eversion with tibial and femur movements.FindingsGreater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater peak femur adduction in PFP runners. Greater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater peak tibial internal rotation and tibial adduction in the PFPG and CG. Additionally, greater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater tibial internal rotation range of motion in the PFPG and CG. No significant differences were found between the PFPG and CG for all kinematics variables.InterpretationCorrelation between greater rearfoot eversion and greater peak hip adduction in the PFPG might be related to PFP persistence in runners with excessive rearfoot eversion, and indicates that treatment strategies aimed at controlling the movement of the rearfoot could help modify the symptoms.
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Gluteal tendinopathy and hip osteoarthritis: Different pathologies, different hip biomechanics
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kim Allison, Michelle Hall, Paul W. Hodges, Tim V. Wrigley, Bill Vicenzino, Yong-Hao Pua, Ben Metcalf, Alison Grimaldi, Kim L. Bennell
BackgroundGluteal tendinopathy (GT) and hip osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common causes of hip pain and associated disability in older adults. Pain and altered walking biomechanics are common to both conditions. This study aimed to compare three-dimensional walking biomechanics between individuals with unilateral, symptomatic GT and HOA.MethodsSixty individuals with symptomatic unilateral GT confirmed by magnetic-resonance-imaging and 73 individuals with symptomatic unilateral HOA (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade ≥ 2) underwent three-dimensional gait analysis. Maximum and minimum values of the external hip flexion moment, first peak, second peak and mid-stance minimum of the hip adduction moment (HAM), sagittal plane hip excursion and hip joint angles, pelvic obliquity and trunk lean, at the three HAM time points during stance phase of walking were compared between groups using an analysis of covariance.ResultsCompared to individuals with HOA, those with GT exhibited a greater hip peak extension moment (P < 0.001) and greater HAM throughout the stance phase of walking (P = 0.01–P < 0.001), greater hip adduction (P < 0.001) and internal rotation (P < 0.01–P < 0.001) angles and lower hip flexion angles and excursion (P = 0.02 – P < 0.001). Individuals with HOA exhibited a greater forward trunk lean (P ≤ 0.001) throughout stance, and greater ipsilateral trunk lean in the frontal plane (P < 0.001) than those with GT.ConclusionDespite presence of pain in both conditions, hip kinematics and kinetics differ between individuals with symptomatic unilateral GT and those with symptomatic unilateral HOA. These condition-specific impairments may be targets for optimization of management of HOA and GT.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kim Allison, Michelle Hall, Paul W. Hodges, Tim V. Wrigley, Bill Vicenzino, Yong-Hao Pua, Ben Metcalf, Alison Grimaldi, Kim L. Bennell
BackgroundGluteal tendinopathy (GT) and hip osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common causes of hip pain and associated disability in older adults. Pain and altered walking biomechanics are common to both conditions. This study aimed to compare three-dimensional walking biomechanics between individuals with unilateral, symptomatic GT and HOA.MethodsSixty individuals with symptomatic unilateral GT confirmed by magnetic-resonance-imaging and 73 individuals with symptomatic unilateral HOA (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade ≥ 2) underwent three-dimensional gait analysis. Maximum and minimum values of the external hip flexion moment, first peak, second peak and mid-stance minimum of the hip adduction moment (HAM), sagittal plane hip excursion and hip joint angles, pelvic obliquity and trunk lean, at the three HAM time points during stance phase of walking were compared between groups using an analysis of covariance.ResultsCompared to individuals with HOA, those with GT exhibited a greater hip peak extension moment (P < 0.001) and greater HAM throughout the stance phase of walking (P = 0.01–P < 0.001), greater hip adduction (P < 0.001) and internal rotation (P < 0.01–P < 0.001) angles and lower hip flexion angles and excursion (P = 0.02 – P < 0.001). Individuals with HOA exhibited a greater forward trunk lean (P ≤ 0.001) throughout stance, and greater ipsilateral trunk lean in the frontal plane (P < 0.001) than those with GT.ConclusionDespite presence of pain in both conditions, hip kinematics and kinetics differ between individuals with symptomatic unilateral GT and those with symptomatic unilateral HOA. These condition-specific impairments may be targets for optimization of management of HOA and GT.
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Unmatched speed perceptions between overground and treadmill manual wheelchair propulsion in long-term manual wheelchair users
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Félix Chénier, Audrey Champagne, Guillaume Desroches, Dany H. Gagnon
BackgroundManual wheelchair (MWC) propulsion is increasingly assessed on a motorized treadmill (TM), which is often considered more ecologically valid than stationary rollers. However, no clear consensus on the similarities between overground (OG) and TM propulsion has yet been reached. Furthermore, no study has investigated the participants’ perceptions of propelling a MWC on a TM compared to OG.Research questionThe present study aims to assess the perception of speed when propelling on a TM vs OG, and to relate this perception to measured spatiotemporal variables, kinetics and work.MethodsIn this crossover study, the propulsion’s spatiotemporal variables, kinetics, and work of nineteen experienced wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury were compared between three conditions: 1) OG at a self-selected speed, 2) on a TM at a self-selected speed perceived as being similar to the OG speed (TMperceived), and 3) on a TM at the same speed as OG (TMmatched). Each variable was compared between conditions using an analysis of variance for repeated measures.ResultsAll participants selected a lower speed for TMperceived than OG, with a difference of −0.6 m/s (−44%). This adaptation may be due to a combination of two factors: 1) the absence of speed information, and 2) the feeling of urgency to grab the wheels during the recovery phase. The power output, work per cycle, and work per minute were also much lower on TMperceived than OG. However, in contrast to other work on MWC propulsion on a TM, the kinetic variables assessed were all similar between the OG and TMmatched conditions.SignificanceTraining on a TM should be performed at a speed that matches the OG speed and not at a self-selected speed on the TM, which would reduce the power output and work and therefore reduce the efficiency of the training.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Félix Chénier, Audrey Champagne, Guillaume Desroches, Dany H. Gagnon
BackgroundManual wheelchair (MWC) propulsion is increasingly assessed on a motorized treadmill (TM), which is often considered more ecologically valid than stationary rollers. However, no clear consensus on the similarities between overground (OG) and TM propulsion has yet been reached. Furthermore, no study has investigated the participants’ perceptions of propelling a MWC on a TM compared to OG.Research questionThe present study aims to assess the perception of speed when propelling on a TM vs OG, and to relate this perception to measured spatiotemporal variables, kinetics and work.MethodsIn this crossover study, the propulsion’s spatiotemporal variables, kinetics, and work of nineteen experienced wheelchair users with a spinal cord injury were compared between three conditions: 1) OG at a self-selected speed, 2) on a TM at a self-selected speed perceived as being similar to the OG speed (TMperceived), and 3) on a TM at the same speed as OG (TMmatched). Each variable was compared between conditions using an analysis of variance for repeated measures.ResultsAll participants selected a lower speed for TMperceived than OG, with a difference of −0.6 m/s (−44%). This adaptation may be due to a combination of two factors: 1) the absence of speed information, and 2) the feeling of urgency to grab the wheels during the recovery phase. The power output, work per cycle, and work per minute were also much lower on TMperceived than OG. However, in contrast to other work on MWC propulsion on a TM, the kinetic variables assessed were all similar between the OG and TMmatched conditions.SignificanceTraining on a TM should be performed at a speed that matches the OG speed and not at a self-selected speed on the TM, which would reduce the power output and work and therefore reduce the efficiency of the training.
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RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN REARFOOT, TIBIA AND FEMUR KINEMATICS IN RUNNERS WITH AND WITHOUT PATELLOFEMORAL PAIN
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Bruna Calazans Luz, Ana Flávia dos Santos, Mariana Carvalho de Souza, Tatiana de Oliveira Sato, Deborah A. Nawoczenski, Fábio Viadanna Serrão
BackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most common running overuse injury. Excessive rearfoot eversion is commonly considered as a PFP risk factor and the relationship between ankle-foot complex movement and lower limb may be involved with this dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between rearfoot eversion with tibia and femur kinematics in frontal and transverse planes during running in individuals with and without PFP. The secondary purpose was to compare the lower limb kinematics between runners with and without PFP.MethodsFifty-four recreational runners were divided into 2 groups: healthy runners (CG, n = 27) and runners with patellofemoral pain (PFPG, n = 27). Kinematics during running were assessed using three-dimensional motion analysis system. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to establish the correlation of rearfoot eversion with tibial and femur movements.FindingsGreater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater peak femur adduction in PFP runners. Greater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater peak tibial internal rotation and tibial adduction in the PFPG and CG. Additionally, greater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater tibial internal rotation range of motion in the PFPG and CG. No significant differences were found between the PFPG and CG for all kinematics variables.InterpretationCorrelation between greater rearfoot eversion and greater peak hip adduction in the PFPG might be related to PFP persistence in runners with excessive rearfoot eversion, and indicates that treatment strategies aimed at controlling the movement of the rearfoot could help modify the symptoms.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Bruna Calazans Luz, Ana Flávia dos Santos, Mariana Carvalho de Souza, Tatiana de Oliveira Sato, Deborah A. Nawoczenski, Fábio Viadanna Serrão
BackgroundPatellofemoral pain (PFP) is the most common running overuse injury. Excessive rearfoot eversion is commonly considered as a PFP risk factor and the relationship between ankle-foot complex movement and lower limb may be involved with this dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between rearfoot eversion with tibia and femur kinematics in frontal and transverse planes during running in individuals with and without PFP. The secondary purpose was to compare the lower limb kinematics between runners with and without PFP.MethodsFifty-four recreational runners were divided into 2 groups: healthy runners (CG, n = 27) and runners with patellofemoral pain (PFPG, n = 27). Kinematics during running were assessed using three-dimensional motion analysis system. Pearson's correlation coefficients (r) were calculated to establish the correlation of rearfoot eversion with tibial and femur movements.FindingsGreater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater peak femur adduction in PFP runners. Greater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater peak tibial internal rotation and tibial adduction in the PFPG and CG. Additionally, greater peak rearfoot eversion was correlated with greater tibial internal rotation range of motion in the PFPG and CG. No significant differences were found between the PFPG and CG for all kinematics variables.InterpretationCorrelation between greater rearfoot eversion and greater peak hip adduction in the PFPG might be related to PFP persistence in runners with excessive rearfoot eversion, and indicates that treatment strategies aimed at controlling the movement of the rearfoot could help modify the symptoms.
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Gluteal tendinopathy and hip osteoarthritis: Different pathologies, different hip biomechanics
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kim Allison, Michelle Hall, Paul W. Hodges, Tim V. Wrigley, Bill Vicenzino, Yong-Hao Pua, Ben Metcalf, Alison Grimaldi, Kim L. Bennell
BackgroundGluteal tendinopathy (GT) and hip osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common causes of hip pain and associated disability in older adults. Pain and altered walking biomechanics are common to both conditions. This study aimed to compare three-dimensional walking biomechanics between individuals with unilateral, symptomatic GT and HOA.MethodsSixty individuals with symptomatic unilateral GT confirmed by magnetic-resonance-imaging and 73 individuals with symptomatic unilateral HOA (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade ≥ 2) underwent three-dimensional gait analysis. Maximum and minimum values of the external hip flexion moment, first peak, second peak and mid-stance minimum of the hip adduction moment (HAM), sagittal plane hip excursion and hip joint angles, pelvic obliquity and trunk lean, at the three HAM time points during stance phase of walking were compared between groups using an analysis of covariance.ResultsCompared to individuals with HOA, those with GT exhibited a greater hip peak extension moment (P < 0.001) and greater HAM throughout the stance phase of walking (P = 0.01–P < 0.001), greater hip adduction (P < 0.001) and internal rotation (P < 0.01–P < 0.001) angles and lower hip flexion angles and excursion (P = 0.02 – P < 0.001). Individuals with HOA exhibited a greater forward trunk lean (P ≤ 0.001) throughout stance, and greater ipsilateral trunk lean in the frontal plane (P < 0.001) than those with GT.ConclusionDespite presence of pain in both conditions, hip kinematics and kinetics differ between individuals with symptomatic unilateral GT and those with symptomatic unilateral HOA. These condition-specific impairments may be targets for optimization of management of HOA and GT.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Kim Allison, Michelle Hall, Paul W. Hodges, Tim V. Wrigley, Bill Vicenzino, Yong-Hao Pua, Ben Metcalf, Alison Grimaldi, Kim L. Bennell
BackgroundGluteal tendinopathy (GT) and hip osteoarthritis (OA) are the most common causes of hip pain and associated disability in older adults. Pain and altered walking biomechanics are common to both conditions. This study aimed to compare three-dimensional walking biomechanics between individuals with unilateral, symptomatic GT and HOA.MethodsSixty individuals with symptomatic unilateral GT confirmed by magnetic-resonance-imaging and 73 individuals with symptomatic unilateral HOA (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade ≥ 2) underwent three-dimensional gait analysis. Maximum and minimum values of the external hip flexion moment, first peak, second peak and mid-stance minimum of the hip adduction moment (HAM), sagittal plane hip excursion and hip joint angles, pelvic obliquity and trunk lean, at the three HAM time points during stance phase of walking were compared between groups using an analysis of covariance.ResultsCompared to individuals with HOA, those with GT exhibited a greater hip peak extension moment (P < 0.001) and greater HAM throughout the stance phase of walking (P = 0.01–P < 0.001), greater hip adduction (P < 0.001) and internal rotation (P < 0.01–P < 0.001) angles and lower hip flexion angles and excursion (P = 0.02 – P < 0.001). Individuals with HOA exhibited a greater forward trunk lean (P ≤ 0.001) throughout stance, and greater ipsilateral trunk lean in the frontal plane (P < 0.001) than those with GT.ConclusionDespite presence of pain in both conditions, hip kinematics and kinetics differ between individuals with symptomatic unilateral GT and those with symptomatic unilateral HOA. These condition-specific impairments may be targets for optimization of management of HOA and GT.
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Δευτέρα 12 Φεβρουαρίου 2018
Acoustic and Perceptual Analyses of Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia in Mandarin-speaking Chinese
Publication date: Available online 12 February 2018
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Zhipeng Chen, Jingyuan Li, Qingyi Ren, Pingjiang Ge
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the perceptual structure and acoustic characteristics of speech of patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) in Mandarin.Study designCase-Control StudyMaterials and MethodsFor the estimation of dysphonia level, perceptual and acoustic analysis were used for patients with ADSD (N = 20) and the control group (N = 20) that are Mandarin-Chinese speakers. For both subgroups, a sustained vowel and connected speech samples were obtained. The difference of perceptual and acoustic parameters between the two subgroups was assessed and analyzed.ResultsFor acoustic assessment, the percentage of phonatory breaks (PBs) of connected reading and the percentage of aperiodic segments and frequency shifts (FS) of vowel and reading in patients with ADSD were significantly worse than controls, the mean harmonics-to-noise ratio and the fundamental frequency standard deviation of vowel as well. For perceptual evaluation, the rating of speech and vowel in patients with ADSD are significantly higher than controls. The percentage of aberrant acoustic events (PB, frequency shift, and aperiodic segment) and the fundamental frequency standard deviation and mean harmonics-to-noise ratio were significantly correlated with the perceptual rating in the vowel and reading productions.ConclusionsThe perceptual and acoustic parameters of connected vowel and reading in patients with ADSD are worse than those in normal controls, and could validly and reliably estimate dysphonia of ADSD in Mandarin-speaking Chinese.
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Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Zhipeng Chen, Jingyuan Li, Qingyi Ren, Pingjiang Ge
ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to examine the perceptual structure and acoustic characteristics of speech of patients with adductor spasmodic dysphonia (ADSD) in Mandarin.Study designCase-Control StudyMaterials and MethodsFor the estimation of dysphonia level, perceptual and acoustic analysis were used for patients with ADSD (N = 20) and the control group (N = 20) that are Mandarin-Chinese speakers. For both subgroups, a sustained vowel and connected speech samples were obtained. The difference of perceptual and acoustic parameters between the two subgroups was assessed and analyzed.ResultsFor acoustic assessment, the percentage of phonatory breaks (PBs) of connected reading and the percentage of aperiodic segments and frequency shifts (FS) of vowel and reading in patients with ADSD were significantly worse than controls, the mean harmonics-to-noise ratio and the fundamental frequency standard deviation of vowel as well. For perceptual evaluation, the rating of speech and vowel in patients with ADSD are significantly higher than controls. The percentage of aberrant acoustic events (PB, frequency shift, and aperiodic segment) and the fundamental frequency standard deviation and mean harmonics-to-noise ratio were significantly correlated with the perceptual rating in the vowel and reading productions.ConclusionsThe perceptual and acoustic parameters of connected vowel and reading in patients with ADSD are worse than those in normal controls, and could validly and reliably estimate dysphonia of ADSD in Mandarin-speaking Chinese.
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