Publication date: Available online 28 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Phillip J.P. Sale, Aaron Uschakov, Tasfia Saief, David P. Rowe, Carla J. Abbott, Chi D. Luu, Amy J. Hampson, Stephen J. O'Leary, David J. Sly
Sustained local delivery of drugs to the inner ear may be required for future regenerative and protective strategies. The round window is surgically accessible and a promising delivery route. To be viable, a delivery system should not cause hearing loss. This study determined the effect on hearing of placing a drug-delivery microcatheter on to the round window, and delivering either artificial perilymph (AP) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) via this catheter with a mini-osmotic pump. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were monitored for 4 months after surgery, while the AP or BDNF was administered for the first month. The presence of the microcatheter – whether dry or when delivering AP or BDNF for 4 weeks – was associated with an increase in ABR thresholds of up to 15 dB, 16 weeks after implantation. This threshold shift was, in part, delayed by the delivery of BDNF. We conclude that the chronic presence of a microcatheter in the round window niche causes hearing loss, and that this is exacerbated by delivery of AP, and ameliorated temporarily by delivery of BDNF.
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Σάββατο 28 Οκτωβρίου 2017
Cannula-based drug delivery to the guinea pig round window causes a lasting hearing loss that may be temporarily mitigated by BDNF
Publication date: Available online 28 October 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Phillip J.P. Sale, Aaron Uschakov, Tasfia Saief, David P. Rowe, Carla J. Abbott, Chi D. Luu, Amy J. Hampson, Stephen J. O'Leary, David J. Sly
Sustained local delivery of drugs to the inner ear may be required for future regenerative and protective strategies. The round window is surgically accessible and a promising delivery route. To be viable, a delivery system should not cause hearing loss. This study determined the effect on hearing of placing a drug-delivery microcatheter on to the round window, and delivering either artificial perilymph (AP) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) via this catheter with a mini-osmotic pump. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were monitored for 4 months after surgery, while the AP or BDNF was administered for the first month. The presence of the microcatheter – whether dry or when delivering AP or BDNF for 4 weeks – was associated with an increase in ABR thresholds of up to 15 dB, 16 weeks after implantation. This threshold shift was, in part, delayed by the delivery of BDNF. We conclude that the chronic presence of a microcatheter in the round window niche causes hearing loss, and that this is exacerbated by delivery of AP, and ameliorated temporarily by delivery of BDNF.
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Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Phillip J.P. Sale, Aaron Uschakov, Tasfia Saief, David P. Rowe, Carla J. Abbott, Chi D. Luu, Amy J. Hampson, Stephen J. O'Leary, David J. Sly
Sustained local delivery of drugs to the inner ear may be required for future regenerative and protective strategies. The round window is surgically accessible and a promising delivery route. To be viable, a delivery system should not cause hearing loss. This study determined the effect on hearing of placing a drug-delivery microcatheter on to the round window, and delivering either artificial perilymph (AP) or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) via this catheter with a mini-osmotic pump. Auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) were monitored for 4 months after surgery, while the AP or BDNF was administered for the first month. The presence of the microcatheter – whether dry or when delivering AP or BDNF for 4 weeks – was associated with an increase in ABR thresholds of up to 15 dB, 16 weeks after implantation. This threshold shift was, in part, delayed by the delivery of BDNF. We conclude that the chronic presence of a microcatheter in the round window niche causes hearing loss, and that this is exacerbated by delivery of AP, and ameliorated temporarily by delivery of BDNF.
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Regenerative Effects of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor on Restoration of Thyroarytenoid Muscle Atrophy Caused by Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Transection
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Mami Kaneko, Takuya Tsuji, Yo Kishimoto, Yoichiro Sugiyama, Tatsuo Nakamura, Shigeru Hirano
ObjectivesVocal fold atrophy following unilateral vocal fold paralysis is caused by atrophy of the thyroarytenoid (TA) muscle and remains a challenge. Medialization procedures are popular treatment options; however, hoarseness often remains due to the reduction in mass or tension of the TA muscle. Therefore, in addition to medialization procedures, TA muscle reinnervation is desirable. In vivo studies have shown the potential for basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to affect muscular and nerve regeneration. The present study aimed to examine the regenerative effects of bFGF on restoration of TA muscle atrophy caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve transection.Study designProspective animal experiments with controls.MethodsTA muscle atrophy was induced by unilateral transection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. One month after transection, different doses (200 ng, 100 ng, 10 ng) of bFGF in 50 µL were repeatedly injected into the TA muscle four times with an interval of 1 week between injections. Saline only was injected in the sham group. Larynges were harvested for histologic and immunohistochemical examination 4 weeks after the final injection.ResultsThe cross-sectional TA muscle area was significantly larger in the bFGF-treated groups compared with the sham-treated groups. Immunohistochemistry indicated that bFGF significantly increases the number of neuromuscular junctions and satellite cells in the TA muscle.ConclusionsThese results suggest that local application of bFGF to the TA muscle may improve TA muscle atrophy caused by recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Furthermore, bFGF may have regenerative effects on both nerves and muscles.
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Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Version of the Vocal Tract Discomfort Scale (I-VTD)
Source:Journal of Voice
Author(s): Carlo Robotti, Francesco Mozzanica, Ilaria Pozzali, Laura D'Amore, Patrizia Maruzzi, Daniela Ginocchio, Stafania Barozzi, Rosaria Lorusso, Francesco Ottaviani, Antonio Schindler
ObjectiveTo evaluate the reliability and validity of the Italian version of the VTD scale (I-VTD scale).Study DesignCross-sectional, nonrandomized, prospective study with controls.MethodsFor the item generation, a cross-cultural adaptation and translation process was performed following the back translation process (phase 1). For reproducibility analysis (phase 2), 102 patients with dysphonia were recruited (internal consistency analysis); 57 of them completed the I-VTD scale twice (test-retest reliability analysis). Seventy-three vocally healthy participants completed the I-VTD scale for normative data generation (phase 3). For validity analysis (phase 4), the scores obtained by patients with dysphonia and by vocally healthy participants were compared (construct validity analysis); in addition, 45 patients with dysphonia completed both the I-VTD scale and the Italian version of the Voice Handicap Index for criterion validity analysis. Finally, for responsiveness analysis (phase 5), a cohort of 30 patients with muscle tension dysphonia was recruited, and scores of the I-VTD scale before and after voice therapy were compared.ResultsBoth the internal consistency and the test-retest reliability of the I-VTD scale were satisfactory. The scores obtained by patients with dysphonia and vocally healthy participants were significantly different. Moderate correlations between the Italian version of the Voice Handicap Index and the I-VTD scores were found. Finally, the scores of the I-VTD scale obtained in pretreatment conditions appeared to be significantly higher than those obtained after successful voice therapy.ConclusionThe I-VTD scale appears a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of vocal tract discomfort in Italian-speaking patients.
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Age-associated changes in obstacle negotiation strategies: does size and timing matter?
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): I. Maidan, S. Eyal, I. Kurz, N. Geffen, E. Gazit, L. Ravid, N. Giladi, A. Mirelman, J.M. Hausdorff
IntroductionTripping over an obstacle is one of the most common causes of falls among older adults. However, the effects of aging, obstacle height and anticipation time on negotiation strategies have not been systematically evaluated.MethodsTwenty older adults (ages: 77.7±3.4years; 50% women) and twenty young adults (age: 29.3±3.8years; 50% women) walked through an obstacle course while negotiating anticipated and unanticipated obstacles at heights of 25mm and 75mm. Kinect cameras captured the: (1) distance of the subject’s trailing foot before the obstacles, (2) distance of the leading foot after the obstacles, (3) clearance of the leading foot above the obstacles, and (4) clearance of trailing foot above the obstacles. Linear-mix models assessed changes between groups and conditions.ResultsOlder adults placed their leading foot closer to the obstacle after landing, compared to young adults (p <0.001). This pattern was enhanced in high obstacles (group*height interaction, p=0.033). Older adults had lower clearance over the obstacles, compared to young adults (p=0.007). This was more pronounced during unanticipated obstacles (group*ART interaction, p=0.003). The distance of the leading foot and clearance of the trailing foot after the obstacles were correlated with motor, cognitive, and functional abilities.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there are age-related changes in obstacle crossing strategies that are dependent on the specific characteristics of the obstacle. The results have important implications for clinical practice, suggesting that functional exercise should include obstacle negotiation training with variable practice of height and available response times. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of motor and cognitive abilities.
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Age-associated changes in obstacle negotiation strategies: does size and timing matter?
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): I. Maidan, S. Eyal, I. Kurz, N. Geffen, E. Gazit, L. Ravid, N. Giladi, A. Mirelman, J.M. Hausdorff
IntroductionTripping over an obstacle is one of the most common causes of falls among older adults. However, the effects of aging, obstacle height and anticipation time on negotiation strategies have not been systematically evaluated.MethodsTwenty older adults (ages: 77.7±3.4years; 50% women) and twenty young adults (age: 29.3±3.8years; 50% women) walked through an obstacle course while negotiating anticipated and unanticipated obstacles at heights of 25mm and 75mm. Kinect cameras captured the: (1) distance of the subject’s trailing foot before the obstacles, (2) distance of the leading foot after the obstacles, (3) clearance of the leading foot above the obstacles, and (4) clearance of trailing foot above the obstacles. Linear-mix models assessed changes between groups and conditions.ResultsOlder adults placed their leading foot closer to the obstacle after landing, compared to young adults (p <0.001). This pattern was enhanced in high obstacles (group*height interaction, p=0.033). Older adults had lower clearance over the obstacles, compared to young adults (p=0.007). This was more pronounced during unanticipated obstacles (group*ART interaction, p=0.003). The distance of the leading foot and clearance of the trailing foot after the obstacles were correlated with motor, cognitive, and functional abilities.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there are age-related changes in obstacle crossing strategies that are dependent on the specific characteristics of the obstacle. The results have important implications for clinical practice, suggesting that functional exercise should include obstacle negotiation training with variable practice of height and available response times. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of motor and cognitive abilities.
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Age-associated changes in obstacle negotiation strategies: does size and timing matter?
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): I. Maidan, S. Eyal, I. Kurz, N. Geffen, E. Gazit, L. Ravid, N. Giladi, A. Mirelman, J.M. Hausdorff
IntroductionTripping over an obstacle is one of the most common causes of falls among older adults. However, the effects of aging, obstacle height and anticipation time on negotiation strategies have not been systematically evaluated.MethodsTwenty older adults (ages: 77.7±3.4years; 50% women) and twenty young adults (age: 29.3±3.8years; 50% women) walked through an obstacle course while negotiating anticipated and unanticipated obstacles at heights of 25mm and 75mm. Kinect cameras captured the: (1) distance of the subject’s trailing foot before the obstacles, (2) distance of the leading foot after the obstacles, (3) clearance of the leading foot above the obstacles, and (4) clearance of trailing foot above the obstacles. Linear-mix models assessed changes between groups and conditions.ResultsOlder adults placed their leading foot closer to the obstacle after landing, compared to young adults (p <0.001). This pattern was enhanced in high obstacles (group*height interaction, p=0.033). Older adults had lower clearance over the obstacles, compared to young adults (p=0.007). This was more pronounced during unanticipated obstacles (group*ART interaction, p=0.003). The distance of the leading foot and clearance of the trailing foot after the obstacles were correlated with motor, cognitive, and functional abilities.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that there are age-related changes in obstacle crossing strategies that are dependent on the specific characteristics of the obstacle. The results have important implications for clinical practice, suggesting that functional exercise should include obstacle negotiation training with variable practice of height and available response times. Further studies are needed to better understand the effects of motor and cognitive abilities.
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