Contralateral electrically-evoked suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in single-sided deaf patients

Publication date: Available online 3 January 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Oliver Christian Dziemba, Daniel Grafmans, Stephan Merz, Thomas Hocke




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Contralateral electrically-evoked suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in single-sided deaf patients

Publication date: Available online 3 January 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Oliver Christian Dziemba, Daniel Grafmans, Stephan Merz, Thomas Hocke




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Contralateral electrically-evoked suppression of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in single-sided deaf patients

Publication date: Available online 3 January 2017
Source:Hearing Research
Author(s): Oliver Christian Dziemba, Daniel Grafmans, Stephan Merz, Thomas Hocke




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Gentamicin Applied to the Oval Window Suppresses Vestibular Function in Guinea Pigs

Abstract

Intratympanic gentamicin therapy is widely used clinically to treat the debilitating symptoms of Ménière’s disease. Cochleotoxicity is an undesirable potential side effect of the treatment and the risk of hearing loss increases proportionately with gentamicin concentration in the cochlea. It has recently been shown that gentamicin is readily absorbed through the oval window in guinea pigs. The present study uses quantitative functional measures of vestibular and cochlea function to investigate the efficacy of treating the vestibule by applying a small volume of gentamicin onto the stapes footplate in guinea pigs. Vestibular and cochlea function were assessed by recording short latency vestibular evoked potentials in response to linear head acceleration and changes in hearing threshold, respectively, 1 and 2 weeks following treatment. Histopathology was analyzed in the crista ampullaris of the posterior semi-circular canal and utricular macula in the vestibule, and in the basal and second turns of the cochlea. In animals receiving gentamicin on the stapes footplate, vestibular responses were significantly suppressed by 72.7 % 2 weeks after treatment with no significant loss of hearing. This suggests that the vestibule can be treated directly by applying gentamicin onto the stapes footplate.

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Deleting the HCN1 Subunit of Hyperpolarization-Activated Ion Channels in Mice Impairs Acoustic Startle Reflexes, Gap Detection, and Spatial Localization

Abstract

It has been proposed that the high temporal and spatial acuities of human listeners and animals tested in the hearing laboratory depend in part on the short time constants of auditory neurons that are able to preserve or sharpen the information conveyed in the timing of firing of auditory nerve fibers. We tested this hypothesis in a series of in vivo experiments, based on previous in vitro experiments showing that neuronal time constants are raised in brainstem slices when HCN1 channels are blocked or in slices obtained from Hcn1 ^−/− null mutant mice. We compared Hcn1 ^−/− and Hcn1 ^+/+ mice on auditory brainstem responses (ABRs) and behavioral measures. Those measures included temporal integration for acoustic startle responses (ASRs), ASR depression by noise offset, and ASR inhibition by gaps in noise and by shifts of a noise source along the azimuth as measures of temporal and spatial acuity. Hcn1 ^−/− mice had less sensitive ABR thresholds at 32 and 48 kHz. Their wavelet P1b was delayed, and wave 2 was absent in the 16 kHz/90 SPL waveform, indicating that groups of neurons early in the auditory pathways were delayed and fired asynchronously. Baseline ASR levels were lower in Hcn1 ^−/− mice, temporal integration was delayed, time constants for ASR depression by noise offset were higher, and their sensitivity to brief gaps and spatial acuity was diminished. HCN1 channels are also present in vestibular, cutaneous, digestive, and cardiac neurons that variously may contribute to the deficits in spatial acuity and possibly in ASR levels.

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Academy Collaborates with Audiology Project: Hearing Loss Link to Diabetes and Other Comorbidities

In an initiative to raise awareness within the Centers for Disease Control and other national organizations on the link between hearing loss and diabetes mellitus, the Academy has engaged in a memorandum of understanding with the Audiology Project.

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The Cocktail Party Effect

2016 is over, and many of us attended celebrations of remembrance of the year's transpiration and resolutions for the year to come. Civilizations around the world have been celebrating the New Year for at least four millennia, but not always in December. Learn more about the history of New Year’s Eve (NYE).

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