Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to determine reliability of computerized dynamic visual acuity (DVA) testing and to determine reference values for younger and older adults. Background: A primary function of the vestibular system is to maintain gaze stability during head motion. The DVA test quantifies gaze stabilization with the head moving versus stationary. Commercially available computerized systems allow clinicians to incorporate DVA into their assessment; however, information regarding reliability and normative values of these systems is sparse. Methods: Forty-six healthy adults, grouped by age, with normal vestibular function were recruited. Each participant completed computerized DVA testing including static visual acuity, minimum perception time, and DVA using the NeuroCom inVision System. Testing was performed by two examiners in the same session and then repeated at a follow-up session 3 to 14 days later. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to determine inter-rater and test-retest reliability. Results: ICCs for inter-rater reliability ranged from 0.323 to 0.937 and from 0.434 to 0.909 for horizontal and vertical head movements, respectively. ICCs for test-retest reliability ranged from 0.154 to 0.856 and from 0.377 to 0.9062 for horizontal and vertical head movements, respectively. Overall, raw scores (left/right DVA and up/down DVA) were more reliable than DVA loss scores. Conclusion: Reliability of a commercially available DVA system has poor-to-fair reliability for DVA loss scores. The use of a convergence paradigm and not incorporating the forced choice paradigm may contribute to poor reliability. Copyright (C) 2016 by Otology & Neurotology, Inc. Image copyright (C) 2010 Wolters Kluwer Health/Anatomical Chart Company
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Τρίτη 22 Μαρτίου 2016
Does “transition shoe” promote an intermediate biomechanical condition compared to running in conventional shoe and in reduced protection condition?
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo, Bruno Mezêncio, Raísa Valvassori, Luis Mochizuki, Alberto Carlos Amadio, Júlio Cerca Serrão
This study evaluated if running in a “transition shoe” commercially available results in intermediate mechanical load upon lower extremities compared to conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Kinematic and kinetic parameters while running in different shoe conditions were compared. Fourteen runners (12 men, 2 women; age=28.4±7.3 years), inexperienced in minimalist shoes and barefoot running, ran on an instrumented treadmill within four experimental conditions (conventional shoe - CS, transition shoe - TrS, minimalist shoe–MS, and barefoot - BF). Running was performed at 9km/h for 10minutes in each experimental condition. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and two-dimensional kinematic variables of lower limbs (both legs) were recorded. Nine data acquisitions (10 s) were conducted for each footwear condition. Transition shoe lead to significant changes in VGRF variables related to impact control, while kinematic parameters were little affected. The TrS had smaller first peak of VGRF (Fy1) than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p=0.050) and BF (p≤0.001). Time to first peak of VGRF (tFy1) of TrS was smaller than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p≤0.001) and BF (p≤0.001). The TrS and MS induced to lesser knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater dorsiflexion (p<0.001) than CS and BF. Thus, results suggest the transition shoe (TrS) tested seem to promote an intermediate mechanical load condition only for VGRF parameters, presenting values of impact forces between those found for conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Such knowledge could be useful for the transition process from conventional running shoe to minimalist shoe/barefoot.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo, Bruno Mezêncio, Raísa Valvassori, Luis Mochizuki, Alberto Carlos Amadio, Júlio Cerca Serrão
This study evaluated if running in a “transition shoe” commercially available results in intermediate mechanical load upon lower extremities compared to conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Kinematic and kinetic parameters while running in different shoe conditions were compared. Fourteen runners (12 men, 2 women; age=28.4±7.3 years), inexperienced in minimalist shoes and barefoot running, ran on an instrumented treadmill within four experimental conditions (conventional shoe - CS, transition shoe - TrS, minimalist shoe–MS, and barefoot - BF). Running was performed at 9km/h for 10minutes in each experimental condition. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and two-dimensional kinematic variables of lower limbs (both legs) were recorded. Nine data acquisitions (10 s) were conducted for each footwear condition. Transition shoe lead to significant changes in VGRF variables related to impact control, while kinematic parameters were little affected. The TrS had smaller first peak of VGRF (Fy1) than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p=0.050) and BF (p≤0.001). Time to first peak of VGRF (tFy1) of TrS was smaller than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p≤0.001) and BF (p≤0.001). The TrS and MS induced to lesser knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater dorsiflexion (p<0.001) than CS and BF. Thus, results suggest the transition shoe (TrS) tested seem to promote an intermediate mechanical load condition only for VGRF parameters, presenting values of impact forces between those found for conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Such knowledge could be useful for the transition process from conventional running shoe to minimalist shoe/barefoot.
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Does “transition shoe” promote an intermediate biomechanical condition compared to running in conventional shoe and in reduced protection condition?
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo, Bruno Mezêncio, Raísa Valvassori, Luis Mochizuki, Alberto Carlos Amadio, Júlio Cerca Serrão
This study evaluated if running in a “transition shoe” commercially available results in intermediate mechanical load upon lower extremities compared to conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Kinematic and kinetic parameters while running in different shoe conditions were compared. Fourteen runners (12 men, 2 women; age=28.4±7.3 years), inexperienced in minimalist shoes and barefoot running, ran on an instrumented treadmill within four experimental conditions (conventional shoe - CS, transition shoe - TrS, minimalist shoe–MS, and barefoot - BF). Running was performed at 9km/h for 10minutes in each experimental condition. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and two-dimensional kinematic variables of lower limbs (both legs) were recorded. Nine data acquisitions (10 s) were conducted for each footwear condition. Transition shoe lead to significant changes in VGRF variables related to impact control, while kinematic parameters were little affected. The TrS had smaller first peak of VGRF (Fy1) than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p=0.050) and BF (p≤0.001). Time to first peak of VGRF (tFy1) of TrS was smaller than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p≤0.001) and BF (p≤0.001). The TrS and MS induced to lesser knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater dorsiflexion (p<0.001) than CS and BF. Thus, results suggest the transition shoe (TrS) tested seem to promote an intermediate mechanical load condition only for VGRF parameters, presenting values of impact forces between those found for conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Such knowledge could be useful for the transition process from conventional running shoe to minimalist shoe/barefoot.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo, Bruno Mezêncio, Raísa Valvassori, Luis Mochizuki, Alberto Carlos Amadio, Júlio Cerca Serrão
This study evaluated if running in a “transition shoe” commercially available results in intermediate mechanical load upon lower extremities compared to conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Kinematic and kinetic parameters while running in different shoe conditions were compared. Fourteen runners (12 men, 2 women; age=28.4±7.3 years), inexperienced in minimalist shoes and barefoot running, ran on an instrumented treadmill within four experimental conditions (conventional shoe - CS, transition shoe - TrS, minimalist shoe–MS, and barefoot - BF). Running was performed at 9km/h for 10minutes in each experimental condition. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and two-dimensional kinematic variables of lower limbs (both legs) were recorded. Nine data acquisitions (10 s) were conducted for each footwear condition. Transition shoe lead to significant changes in VGRF variables related to impact control, while kinematic parameters were little affected. The TrS had smaller first peak of VGRF (Fy1) than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p=0.050) and BF (p≤0.001). Time to first peak of VGRF (tFy1) of TrS was smaller than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p≤0.001) and BF (p≤0.001). The TrS and MS induced to lesser knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater dorsiflexion (p<0.001) than CS and BF. Thus, results suggest the transition shoe (TrS) tested seem to promote an intermediate mechanical load condition only for VGRF parameters, presenting values of impact forces between those found for conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Such knowledge could be useful for the transition process from conventional running shoe to minimalist shoe/barefoot.
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Does “transition shoe” promote an intermediate biomechanical condition compared to running in conventional shoe and in reduced protection condition?
Publication date: Available online 21 March 2016
Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo, Bruno Mezêncio, Raísa Valvassori, Luis Mochizuki, Alberto Carlos Amadio, Júlio Cerca Serrão
This study evaluated if running in a “transition shoe” commercially available results in intermediate mechanical load upon lower extremities compared to conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Kinematic and kinetic parameters while running in different shoe conditions were compared. Fourteen runners (12 men, 2 women; age=28.4±7.3 years), inexperienced in minimalist shoes and barefoot running, ran on an instrumented treadmill within four experimental conditions (conventional shoe - CS, transition shoe - TrS, minimalist shoe–MS, and barefoot - BF). Running was performed at 9km/h for 10minutes in each experimental condition. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and two-dimensional kinematic variables of lower limbs (both legs) were recorded. Nine data acquisitions (10 s) were conducted for each footwear condition. Transition shoe lead to significant changes in VGRF variables related to impact control, while kinematic parameters were little affected. The TrS had smaller first peak of VGRF (Fy1) than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p=0.050) and BF (p≤0.001). Time to first peak of VGRF (tFy1) of TrS was smaller than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p≤0.001) and BF (p≤0.001). The TrS and MS induced to lesser knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater dorsiflexion (p<0.001) than CS and BF. Thus, results suggest the transition shoe (TrS) tested seem to promote an intermediate mechanical load condition only for VGRF parameters, presenting values of impact forces between those found for conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Such knowledge could be useful for the transition process from conventional running shoe to minimalist shoe/barefoot.
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Source:Gait & Posture
Author(s): Ana Paula da Silva Azevedo, Bruno Mezêncio, Raísa Valvassori, Luis Mochizuki, Alberto Carlos Amadio, Júlio Cerca Serrão
This study evaluated if running in a “transition shoe” commercially available results in intermediate mechanical load upon lower extremities compared to conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Kinematic and kinetic parameters while running in different shoe conditions were compared. Fourteen runners (12 men, 2 women; age=28.4±7.3 years), inexperienced in minimalist shoes and barefoot running, ran on an instrumented treadmill within four experimental conditions (conventional shoe - CS, transition shoe - TrS, minimalist shoe–MS, and barefoot - BF). Running was performed at 9km/h for 10minutes in each experimental condition. Vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) and two-dimensional kinematic variables of lower limbs (both legs) were recorded. Nine data acquisitions (10 s) were conducted for each footwear condition. Transition shoe lead to significant changes in VGRF variables related to impact control, while kinematic parameters were little affected. The TrS had smaller first peak of VGRF (Fy1) than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p=0.050) and BF (p≤0.001). Time to first peak of VGRF (tFy1) of TrS was smaller than CS (p≤0.001) and higher than MS (p≤0.001) and BF (p≤0.001). The TrS and MS induced to lesser knee flexion (p<0.001) and greater dorsiflexion (p<0.001) than CS and BF. Thus, results suggest the transition shoe (TrS) tested seem to promote an intermediate mechanical load condition only for VGRF parameters, presenting values of impact forces between those found for conventional shoe and minimalist shoe/barefoot. Such knowledge could be useful for the transition process from conventional running shoe to minimalist shoe/barefoot.
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Δευτέρα 21 Μαρτίου 2016
Tinnitus Relief From Japan 2014
Tinnitus is the medical condition of ringing in the ears. Although millions of people, including Beethoven, have suffered from this condition, medical science has not found a cure. Medications and treatments are available that provide some relief, but the current best hope is tinnitus relief from Japan 2014
Causes of Tinnitus
Causes of tinnitus include the following:
- Excessive Exposure to Loud Sounds
- Blockages in the Ear
- Aspirin and Some Antibiotics
- Some Underlying Diseases
- Reconnections Occurring in the Brain
While some underlying diseases may cause tinnitus, there is no evidence that tinnitus leads to any disease.
Tailor-Made Notched Sound Therapy
Researchers for tinnitus relief from Japan 2014 have discovered a way to reduce the volume of tinnitus in some patients. When the volume is reduced, the patients experience less pain and annoyance. Patients may choose their favorite music or white noises for their therapy.
- Music TherapyIn music therapy, patients choose their favorite music to listen to as the audionotch lowers the volume. Computers or mp3 players may be used to play the selections.
- White Noise Therapy
There are various sounds from which to choose. The autumn wind, kitchen sink, city sweeper and others are easily imagined. Pink noise, brown noise, and others must be heard before the patient can make a decision. The audionotch works as it does in music therapy.
Using the AudioNotich
The audionotch is used as follows:
- >Tune
The tinnitus frequency is different in every person. The tuner matches the frequency of the tinnitus tone. - Create
When the frequency is tuned, the patients upload their favorite music or use the selected white noise. - Listen
Listen to the selection about an hour each day. There should be a reduction in volume in several days, but continued use lowers the volume more. Patients can determine the effectiveness of their treatment.
Who Benefits from Therapy?
Since the treatment depends on a tuned frequency, some people may not be able to match the available frequencies. Also, people with more than moderate hearing loss cannot benefit from these treatments
Conclusion
Although tinnitus relief from Japan 2014 has offered real hope for tinnitus sufferers, the results are not fully known. As with any treatment, people respond differently. Continued research may discover a cure.
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Software for real-time localization of baleen whale calls using directional sonobuoys: A case study on Antarctic blue whales
Directional frequency analysis and recording (DIFAR) sonobuoys can allow real-time acoustic localization of baleen whales for underwater tracking and remote sensing, but limited availability of hardware and software has prevented wider usage. These software limitations were addressed by developing a module in the open-source software PAMGuard. A case study is presented demonstrating that this software provides greater efficiency and accessibility than previous methods for detecting, localizing, and tracking Antarctic blue whales in real time. Additionally, this software can easily be extended to track other low and mid frequency sounds including those from other cetaceans, pinnipeds, icebergs, shipping, and seismic airguns.
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The import of within-listener variability to understanding the precedence effect
The purpose of this study was to gather behavioral data concerning the precedence effect as manifested by the localization-dominance of the leading elements of compound stimuli. This investigation was motivated by recent findings of Shackleton and Palmer [(2006). J. Assoc. Res. Otolaryngol. 7, 425–442], who measured the electro-physiological responses of single units in the inferior colliculus of the guinea pig. The neural data from Shackleton and Palmer indicated that processing of binaural cues like those relevant to understanding localization dominance is greatly affected by internal, neural noise. In order to evaluate the generality of their physiological results to human perception, the present study measured localization dominance so that behavioral responses within and across sets of samples (i.e., tokens) of frozen noises could be compared. Conceptually consistent with Shackleton and Palmer's neural data, the variability of perceived intracranial lateral positions produced by repeated presentations of the same tokens of noise was greater than the variability of intracranial lateral positions measured across different tokens of noise. This was true for each of the four individual listeners and for each of the 72 stimulus conditions studied. Thus, measured either neuro-physiologically (Shackleton and Palmer, 2006) or behaviorally (this study), the import of within-listener variability appears to be a general, intrinsic aspect of binauralinformation processing.
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